Background. Thrombocytopathies are topical issues of pediatrics. Platelet dysfunction clinically manifests as thrombotic and hemorrhagic events of various severity and location. Platelet function can be evaluated via aggregatometry. Specified parameters for aggregatometry can be used in pediatrics as a standard for evaluating platelet function in peripheral blood. There were no similar studies in children in Russian Federation.

Objective. The aim of the study is — to justify the significance of reference ranges (RR) development for platelet aggregatometry in pediatrics.

Methods. The study included 30 relatively healthy patients aged from 1 to 18 years. Laboratory tests included complete blood count via automatic hematological analyzer; platelet aggregation in whole blood was evaluated via impedance aggregometer; plasmic hemostasis component (Quick prothrombin), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen were evaluated on automatic coagulation analyzer; molecular genetic study of platelet genes polymorphisms was performed via real-time PCR. Several inducers were used to study platelet aggregation: thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid (ASPI). Instrumental methods included electrocardiography, ultrasound of abdomen, urinary system, and thyroid gland.

Results. The study included 16 girls and 14 boys. The median age was 9.4, interquartile range (IQR) was 6.5; 14,1. RR for platelet aggregation indicators were determined for all aggregation inducers (thrombin, ADP, arachidonic acid) as a result of the study.

Conclusion. The obtained data will allow to improve the diagnosis approach for platelet dysfunction regarding the established reference ranges. The results of further research may contribute in the development of the algorithm for controlling antiplatelet therapy in patients with contraindications or with genetically determined low sensitivity to thrombocyte aggregation inhibitors based on acetylsalicylic acid.

Background. Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) is a person’s perception of the effect of a disease on physical, social and psychological functioning and wealth. Questionnaires that help assess the HRQL can give a concept of child’s state, identify arcane issues and they are of great importance for a full understanding of how the state of health affects the child. Universal HRQL tools allow to compare results with general parameters, indicators with specific symptoms better reflect clinically significant moments. The most widespread in the Russian Federation was the general PedsQL^TM 4.0 questionnaire, widely used in practice to assess HRQL in children with various pathologies. Objective.

The aim of the study is to describe the analysis of linguistic accuracy and authenticity of the content of the Russian version of the module of gastrointestinal symptoms of the PedsQL^TM questionnaire, measuring HRQL, in children with gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs).

Materials and methods. The establishment of linguistic accuracy and authenticity of the content was carried out according to international standards. The process included forward translation, scientific assessment and coordination, reverse translation, verification of the reverse translation and interviews with 17 children aged 5–18 years with symptoms of GIDs and 20 parents of children with symptoms of GIDs aged 2–18 years.

Results. The Russian version of PedsQL^TM module of gastrointestinal symptoms (report from children 5-18 years old, report from parents for children 2–18 years old) was developed without significant difficulties. Eight questions required discussion after the forward translation, one change was made after the reverse translation, and three changes were made after the study of the symptom’s module by patients and parents.

Conclusion. A conceptually equivalent version of the of PedsQL^TM module of gastrointestinal symptoms in Russian has been developed for children aged 2–18 years. It allows to improve the assessment of HRQL in children with GIDs in the Russian Federation. To assess authenticity and reliability of the Russian version of the module, it’s recommended to conduct further research using a larger sample

Background. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains a pressing pediatric issue to date. Despite the availability of clinical guidelines and other publications that highlight the objective causes for the lack of effectiveness of treatment and prevention of IDA in children, the subjective reasons are unrenowned.

Objective. The aim of the study is to evaluate health beliefs of pediatricians and parents on the problem of anemia in children to investigation into the objective and subjective causes for inadequate control of iron deficiency conditions in childhood.

Materials and methods. In September 2022, single-step parallel survey of pediatricians and parents on the problem of IDA in children was conducted by random sampling technique using original questionnaires. The questions were formulated on five topics and related to a common understanding of the term “anemia”; priority reference sources; availability of diagnosis of IDA in medical institutions (MI); the position of pediatricians and parents on the treatment and prevention of IDA in children. Based on the results, the main subjective and objective barriers to the control of IDA in children are identified. The χ² method was used for the comparative evaluation of the responses. The differences were considered significant at statistical significance of p < 0.05.

Results. Pediatricians (n = 81) and parents (n = 363) from 23 members of the Russian Federation took the survey. Among the objective barriers to the IDA control in children, the low availability of serum ferritin in MI, difficulties of venous access in children, a shortage of a range of iron preparations for children on Russian market were revealed. The subjective barriers were the skepticism of pediatricians and parents about the necessity for conservative prevention of IDA; poor knowledge of the criteria for diagnosis IDA and completion of IDA therapy by pediatricians; insufficient independence and selectivity of pediatricians when prescribing iron preparations; orientation of the majority of parents (93.7%) to the opinion of doctors, along with the actual rarity of full-fledged conversations with a pediatrician (16.3%).

Conclusion. The main limitation of this study was the random sample method inclusion of respondents due to the impossibility of conducting a full-fledged population study. Elimination of the revealed subjective and objective factors can contribute to improving the detection of IDA in children, early appointment and higher effectiveness of treatment, reducing the frequency of disease recurrences, as well as increasing the confidence of parents in pediatricians.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a treatment modality for a number of severe malignant and non-neoplastic diseases. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) improves outcomes in patients with solid and hematological malignancies. Skin lesions at the auto-HSCT stage are quite common and represent an important diagnostic and therapeutic problem. The most significant causes of skin lesions in auto-HSCT are drug toxicity, infectious and viral lesions. Each of the complications can manifest itself to varying degrees as well as combine with others, having a significant negative on the patient’s condition, posing a threat to the patient’s life in severe cases.

Neisseria meningitidis is one of the main etiological factors of meningitis and sepsis in children and adults, however, it is rarely diagnosed in the neonatal period. Clinical definition of neonatal meningococcal disease is complicated, the disease outcome is commonly lethal, and therefore its timely diagnosis and adequate therapy are crucial. This article describes clinical case of the newborn with meningococcal sepsis hospitalized on the 5th day after birth and provides the literature review of the data from the late 19th century until the present.

Background. Pyoderma is the most common skin infectious disease of early age, it is a group of dermatoses characterized by purulent-inflammatory damage to the skin, dermal appendages, and subcutaneous fat. The diagnosis is based on medical history and physical examination. The main treatment methods are antibacterial therapy (local or systemic) and antiseptic skin toilet. Some forms of deep pyoderma require surgical interventions.

Clinical case description. Girl A., 14 days of life, was admitted to the neonatal department of infectious disease with complaints of the mass in the left shoulder joint area. Historical information: 27 years old mother was not observed in any maternity welfare centre; chorioamnionitis was revealed at admission to the obstetric hospital. She received broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy perinatally. A girl from spontaneous vaginal delivery born on the 39th week with body weight of 2700 g, body length of 50 cm, and APGAR score of 8/9, she was breastfed. The condition on admission was severe. There were multiple indurated rash elements (pustules with turbid fluid) on the skin of the chest, limbs, and back. Skin desquamation was noted. There was hyperemia area up to 3.5 × 1.5 cm in the left shoulder joint area, with soft-elastic consistency, fluctuation symptom was positive. Complete blood count has shown: leukocytosis and neutrophilosis. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was revealed in blood via PCR method, in hemoculture, and in throat and nose cultures. C-reactive protein level was increased. Abscess culture — MRSA. Screening by immunological assay was performed to exclude primary immunodeficiency. Abscess incision and drainage were performed; 5 mL of thick yellow-green pus was obtained. Combination therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotic was carried out.

Conclusion. There was positive dynamics on the administered therapy: the child condition was satisfactory, skin cleared of infectious rash, abscess was sanitized, laboratory parameters normalized, the child had no fever.

Experts of the Union of Pediatricians of Russia have developed modern guidelines on management of children with acute respiratory viral infection. The term “acute respiratory viral infection” (ARVI) combines following nosological forms: acute nasopharyngitis, acute pharyngitis, acute laryngitis, acute tracheitis, acute laryngopharyngitis, upper respiration tract infection (unspecified). The issues of epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention have been considered in detail.