Vol 9, No 2 (2012)
View or download the full issue
PDF (Russian)
NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE
6-9 747
Abstract
The article is devoted to evaluating methods of the effectiveness of new drugs, allowing the doctor or the head of the hospital to make the right choice in favor of the application of a medical technology in their activities. The author considers the general issues of methodology for indirect comparison of medical technologies for a new method of synthesis of evidence in decision-making process. An example of its use: indirect comparison of the pegylated interferon to treat hepatitis C.
VACCINATION
A. G. Gaivoronskaya,
L. S. Namazova-Baranova,
M. G. Galitskaya,
T. A. Grechukha,
N. E. Tkachenko,
M. I. Ivardava
10-14 842
Abstract
The results of vaccination tolerability assessment against pneumococcal infection in children with various disabilities of health as well as the results of the follow-up of the vaccinated children are cited. The work was carried out at the Vaccination Department of the Scientific Centre for Children’s Health, RAMS. It is shown that vaccination against pneumococcal infection was safe as in healthy and in children with various disabilities of health. In the post-immunization period there were no serious adverse events observed (frequency of the expressed general and local postvaccinal reactions didn’t exceed 3%). The health of children one year after vaccination remained stable for the underlying disease (if any). It was proved that there was a significant reduction in acute respiratory infections in a group of sickly children, compared with the previous year.
M. V. Fedoseenko,
M. G. Galitskaya,
M. I. Ivardava,
A. G. Gaivoronskaya,
N. A. Mayansky,
V. V. Botvinieva,
T. V. Rodionova
28-36 868
Abstract
Infection that more than 60 years ago was recognized one of the leading childhood diseases that caused infant mortality, is returning. Of course, with the introduction of vaccination against pertussis in the national programs, we rarely meet severe pertussis infection in our practice, considering that vaccinating children, we protect them. But why so far is this infectious disease remains a serious problem not only in Russia but throughout the world? Several global reasons contribute to the fact that until now vaccine-preventable diseases leads to a prolonged, exhausting cough in schoolchildren, deceiving the doctors with the correct diagnosis is still a real threat to infants.
URGENT ISSUES OF A TREATMENT OF EAR, NOSE, THROAT DISEASES
15-19 756
Abstract
Acute rhinosinusitis is one of the most common diseases in childhood. Difficulties in identifying pathogens increase the importance of pathogenetic therapy. A study of clinical efficacy of mucolytic agents of herbal origin in the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis of 2 days period combined with respiratory viral infection in 95 children aged 4 to 14 years was carried out. The dynamics of the disease symptoms (rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and olfaction) was estimated based on the diaries filled by parents every day. The study demonstrated the feasibility of the phytopreparation inclusion in the complex therapy of acute rhinosinusitis in children.
20-21 839
Abstract
This paper presents the application of nazopharyngoendoscopic study to assess the function of the velopharyngeal ring in children having congenital cleft lip and palate, as well as the velopharyngeal insufficiency. The effectiveness of surgical treatment of the defect of hard and soft palate and velopharyngeal insufficiency depends on the maximum restoration degree of the velopharyngeal ring muscle structures correct orientation.
EMERGENCY CONDITIONS IN CHILDREN
23-27 2088
Abstract
The hypernatremia is an electrolyte disorder in patients at the hospital stage of the treatment. The symptomatic hypernatremia is associated with severe neurological disorders. The degree of dysfunction varies from mild behavioral disturbances to convulsions, coma, and depends on the duration and depth of hypernatremia. Neurological disorders are caused, on the one hand, by the shrinkage of neurocytes in the background of a high concentration of sodium in the blood, on the other — by the development of brain edema related to the rapid correction of hypernatremia. Symptomatic hypernatremia is the threatening complication and is associated with a significant mortality increase in children with a wide range of diseases. The paper describes current approaches to the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of hypernatremia.
LECTURE
37-45 759
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria are being used in a growing number of food formats with an increasing number of associated health benefits. Yet challenges remain, particularly around maintaining a high consumer confidence in probiotic bacteria. It is especially important for infant nutrition, where the use of probiotics in infant formulae and complementary foods is becoming more and more common. This article provides information on new probiotic strains that were developed in New Zealand, including results from in-vitro, animal and human trials confirming the safety and efficacy of these strains.
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
56-59 717
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the nature of the sleep changes in children with various pathologies. The study included 103 children with diseases of the nervous system, ENT disorders and allergic diseases. Polysomnography was carried out to all children — the synchronous recording of various physiological parameters during sleep. The vast majority of patients in the studied groups had changed microstructure of sleep in comparison with the healthy children (control group). Disorders of breathing during sleep were manifested in the form of episodes of apnea/hypopnea. These changes were associated with the severity of somatic pathology.
L. S. Namazova-Baranova,
R. M. Torshhoeva,
V. A. Barannik,
T. E. Borovik,
S. G. Makarova,
E. A. Vishneva,
A. A. Alexeeva,
N. I. Voznesenskaya
60-66 753
Abstract
The article focuses on providing children with atopic dermatitis, all necessary macro-and micronutrients for good development of the body. The problem of nutrition is relevant in these patients, since they need to comply with hypoallergenic diet. The authors demonstrate the results of own research concerning vitamin provision for children with allergic diseases and correction of hypovitaminosis. It is shown that the use of multivitamin preparation not only doesn’t aggravate the disease due to the risk of allergic reactions, but contributes to the long-term remission.
EXPERIENCE IN THE USE OF ACETYLCYSTEINE IN THE TREATMENT OF RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN YOUNG CHILDREN
I. V. Davydova,
T. V. Tourte,
L. S. Namazova-Baranova,
A. Yu. Simonova,
L. R. Tarasova,
V. V. Altunin
67-73 853
Abstract
Treatment of respiratory infections in early childhood requires extensive use of direct action mucolytic drugs, which include derivatives of acetylcysteine. However, data on efficacy and safety of acetylcysteine in the treatment of both acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases in children during the first two years of life are few and contradictory. The article contains the authоrs’ data on the use of granular acetylcysteine for the syrup preparation in the treatment of young children.
74-79 1103
Abstract
With the introduction into medical practice of highly informative noninvasive diagnostic techniques a refuse from the method of angiographic study appeared, which, according to many authors, was not completely justified. Of all the known today diagnostic techniques, angiography more precisely reveals the pathognomonic signs of the focus formations in the liver, especially hemangiomas, and allows to make a smooth transition from the stage of diagnosis to the treatment — i.e. endovascular occlusion of the hepatic artery [9]. The paper presents the methods of diagnosis, the results of examination and treatment of 58 children with hemangiomas of the liver in the preschool age.
For Pediatricians' Practice
107-109 685
Abstract
Treatment of acute respiratory infections remains one of the most pressing problems in children. Mucolytic and expectorant therapy aimed at facilitating the expectoration of sputum and improvement of the drainage function of bronchi, is an integral part of this treatment. Expectorant herbal medicine occupies a special niche in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections. This paper presents literature data on the efficacy and safety of herbal expectorants in children, as well as the results of a comparative analysis of single- and multicomponent herbal medications.
THERAPY OPTIMIZATION OF INFLUENZA AND OTHER ACUTE RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS IN PEDIATRIC PRACTICE
110-115 770
Abstract
The results of studies of the safety and clinical efficacy of interferon inducer in influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections in children aged 7–14 years are presented. It is shown that the antiviral immunostimulating agent reduces main symptoms of the disease, prevents the development of complications and can be recommended for use in pediatric patients for the treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections.
116-120 644
Abstract
Among the causes of chronic renal failure in childhood congenital abnormalities, including obstructive uropathy play the leading role. This article describes the current diagnostic capabilities of the obstructive uropathy associated with the pathology of vesicoureteral junction in children. The data on the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of diagnosis, emphasizing the need to choose which method according to strict indications is less invasive and more informative. Authors on the basis of their own results have shown the high efficiency of the dynamic renoscintigrafy for urodynamics with obstructive uropathies vesicoureteral reflux evaluation.
MEDICAL AND PSYCHO-PEDAGOGICAL CARE FOR CHILDREN
80-85 995
Abstract
This paper presents a modern approach to the problem of child abuse, as well as the results of the Scientific Center for Children’s Health research. There were shown the features of emotional and behavioral sphere of children who have been abused, the psychological characteristics of their parents, the causes of cruelty have been identified. The authors have developed the proposals concerning the organizing a comprehensive family and child support, highlighting the decisive role of the pediatric service in this matter.
86-88 631
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of mental and emotional status of children with different forms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The study of mental and emotional status in 67 children aged 12 to 17 years with various IBS was carried out. The high frequency of dysthymia and a high level of anxiety, combined with a variety of character accentuations have been revealed. It is advisable to conduct psychological counseling and inclusion in the complex therapy of psychotropic drugs for children with CRK.
СOGNITIVE HEALTH AND IDENTITY OF THE CHILD
89-98 787
Abstract
The results of studies of cognitive functions, their age dynamics and gender differences revealed by computer psychophysiological complex KPFK-99 «Psychomat» in healthy school children of various age groups. The study included 241 children aged 8 to 17 years (52% girls and 49% boys). The average age of the observed schoolchildren was 11.8 years. We received cognitive norms of healthy schoolchildren with one year interval, which allows to estimate cognitive activity objectively quantified. We proved the impossibility to join children into the age group teams (such as a junior, middle and senior school age), according to the standards of cognitive functions. A model of cognitive functions evaluation according to the parameters of the psycho-physiological computer complex (KPFK) has been worked out. We proved a steady increase in performance assignments with the forwardness of the children, indicating a smooth improvement of cognitive functions of the child throughout the school-age period. The absence of reliable gender differences in cognitive activity in children of the identical age (as used in the methods), suggests the possibility of co-education of boys and girls in school.
G. A. Karkashadze,
L. S. Namazova-Baranova,
O. I. Maslova,
U. N. Klochkova,
S. N. Zorkin,
E. V. Komarova
99-106 963
Abstract
The article is devoted to one of the most pressing and largely discussed problems, not only in pediatrics, but also in pedagogy and psychology — toilet skills training for children. The authors formulate a number of tasks required to solve the problem of the correct toilet training the child, and discussion questions are the following: at what age to start correctly this skill forming, what is the conscious use of the potty? In addition, the problem of toilet training skills was shown in terms of different specialists: doctors, as well as parents, manufacturers, and law. There was shown an important role in solving this problem at the state level of professional organizations, as well as the need for uniform terminology with the same understanding of their meaning by all stakeholders.
DEBATABLE ISSUES OF PHARMACOTHERAPY
121-123 621
Abstract
This clinical observation was carried out over a teenager at age 17 with long lasting doubling of the ileum, formation of sinus openings in the lumen of the intestine, exhibited by recurrent intestinal bleeding and abdominal pain. Surgery was the only way to effectively treat the child. The indications for surgery were the clinical manifestations of chronic invagination resistant to conservative treatment.
124-127 641
Abstract
The article is devoted to the potentialities of ultrasound diagnostics as an additional criterion for the effectiveness of various methods of introducing allergens in children with seasonal asthma in remission during allergen immunotherapy (AIT). For the first time the dynamics of parenchymal blood flow to the salivary glands of the background of the allergen immunotherapy has been evaluated. It was established that during AIT the significant activation of parenchymal blood flow was noted. It is shown that the pathogenetically substantiated therapy leads to improvement of the child state, which echographically was demonstrated by the normalization of hemo dynamic intraorganic vessels.
Materials (WHO, EPA/UNESPA, IPA)
Page for pediatric nurse
ISSN 1727-5776 (Print)
ISSN 2500-3089 (Online)
ISSN 2500-3089 (Online)
