The aim of the study is to estimate olfaction in post-COVID-19 children.

Research methods. The study included 81 children, they were divided into two groups: those who had COVID-19 and those who had not.

Survey procedures. Pediatrician, neurologist and otolaryngologists clinical examinations, cognitive status estimation, olfactometry were performed.

Results. The olfaction perception threshold post-COVID-19 children and adolescents was higher than in children who have not undergone this infection. Changes in olfaction perception threshold did not depend on how participants and their parents informed about the sense of smell. The involvement of olfactory sensitivity in the pathological process does not depend on the infection severity itself or premorbid neurological lesion.

Conclusion. It has been shown for the first time in the Russian sample that changes in sense of smell persist in children 3–4 weeks after recovery from COVID-19.

Nowadays all news about the new coronavirus disease type arouses interest and concern among specialists around the world. Children often are not exposed to the COVID-19 virus or they just have mild course of the disease according to currently available data. These data may also explain why children have much lower incidence of COVID-19 in comparison to adults. The results of epidemiological observations performed by different researchers’ groups on the likely “protective” effect of routine vaccine prevention programs against new type of coronavirus disease led to initiation of clinical studies. This article presents the analysis of the vaccinal status and characteristics of vaccination and any other background in 143 Moscow children undergone SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, the general vaccination background in children who have undergone COVID-19 is characterized with low vaccination level and mismatch with the National Immunization Schedule. The most unfavorable vaccination background was mentioned in infants. The vaccination rate in all children of the first year of life (in 100% of cases) had gap to the routine schedule. The lowest rate of appropriate vaccination was recorded in case of viral poliomyelitis (in 30% of children) in reconvalescents new type of coronavirus disease. The vast majority of children undergone COVID-19 were not vaccinated against flue, only a few were vaccinated against pneumococcal infection. Now there are several studies focused on determining the protective role of vaccines in relation to the new type of coronavirus disease morbidity and course severity.

he authors present the latest data on the hypophosphatasia (HPP) management in children. Hypophosphatasia is a rare genetic disease caused by deficiency of tissue-specific alkaline phosphatase due to mutation in the ALPL gene. The article covers all the features of epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis, detailed stages of differential diagnostics. Treatment guidelines for pediatric patients are provided, they are based on the principles of evidence-based medicine. Special attention was given to the only effective method of hypophosphatasia management —enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). This material is the clinical guideline draft for the management of patients with hypophosphatasia prepared by the Union of Pediatricians of Russia and the Association of Medical Geneticists.

Background. GM2-gangliosidosis, type I (Tay-Sachs disease) is rare hereditary disease caused by mutations in the HEXA gene encoding the alpha subunit of lysosomal hexosaminidase A. It leads to accumulation of GM2-ganglioside in lysosomes and cell death. The major clinical signs of this disease are regression of motor and psychoverbal skills, progressive macrocephaly, diffuse muscle hypotension, convulsive disorder. Almost all patients with this disease have the “cherry red spot” symptom on the fundus of the eye.

Clinical case description. We show clinical description of the patient with disease manifested with the lesion of visual analyzer. The child was sent for geneticist’s consultation due to revealed ophthalmic picture of the “cherry red spot” symptom on the fundus of the eye. Molecular genetic testing has revealed in the patient c.1274_1278 dupTATC (CI 880091) mutation in homozygous state in HEXA gene.

Concllusion. Differential diagnosis of this disease should be performed with other diseases from the group of inherited metabolic diseases associated with early regression of psychomotor skills, progressive vision loss, “cherry red spot” symptom on the fundus of the eye and convulsive disorder

The article presents modern approaches to the use of balanced formulas for nutrition and diet correction in children with various forms of food allergies. The guidelines are based on all available up to date evidence on the efficacy, safety and utility of using such innovative medical technology as specialized amino acid formulas. This formula is the targeted medical intervention for food allergies and confirmed cow's milk protein allergy, and particularly for patients with reduced physical growth and development (growth rates included). The material is based on methodological guidelines on the amino acid formulas usage previously developed by specialist experts of the Union of pediatricians of Russia in 2020.

This report presents a brief review of literature and the authors’ concept of the emergence of the novel coronavirus 19 infection. The purpose of the work is to show the significance of lysozyme deficiency in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 based on data from literature sources and the results of the authors’ past studies. The relevance of the study is due to the planetary scale of the spread of coronavirus infection, the appearance of SARS-CoV-2 with new aggressive signs, the difficulties of their treatment and prevention. Anatomo-functional connection of protective mechanisms of lysozyme, mucopolysaccharides of histohaematic barriers with preservation of immune, biochemical and tissue homeostasis is established. The loss of lysozyme, which has genetically determined enzymatic specificity, contributes to the development of damaging processes of immune, biochemical and tissue nature with manifestation in all organs and systems of the body. Inclusion of exogenous lysozyme in basic therapy and prophylaxis COVID-19 is proposed.