The experts of the Union of Pediatricians of Russia have developed up-to-date clinical guidelines on management of children with acute bronchiolitis. Around 150 million cases of bronchiolitis (11 cases per 100 infants) are registered annually, 7–13 % of all cases require hospital treatment and 1–3 % require management in intensive care unit. Almost all children of the age under 2 years old (90 %) undergone respiratory syncytial viral infection. In 20 % of them they have bronchiolitis due to various factors. This article covers the issues of epidemiology, pathogenesis, differential diagnostics, treatment based on the principles of evidence in detail.

There is significant growth in numbers of patients with congenital disorders of various organs and systems in recent decades. The complexity of this problem is defined by difficulties in diagnostics especially in cases of associative disorders which leads to untimely treatment and numerous complications. This article covers features of management of female patients with malformations of genital organs with menstrual blood outflow defect.

Background. The comprehensive assessment of mentality in children on the population scale is necessary to develop measures for optimal shaping of the country’s future potential. However, the correlations between cognitive and socio-characterological parameters of the emerging personality makes it difficult to collect information and decreases the efficiency of traditional analysis methods on the population scale.

The aim of the study is to estimate the correlations between cognitive activity social functioning of schoolchildren using artificial intelligence methods.

Methods. The study included schoolchildren from 5th and 9th grades who studied in secondary schools in 8 major Russian cities. The survey used a battery of tests to assess cognitive performance and a questionnaire of extracurricular activities which was completed by parents. The analysis was performed using clustering and machine learning methods.

Results. The battery of cognitive tests was used to examine 1983 children from 5th and 9th grades. Parents of 1,171 of them completed the extracurricular activity questionnaire. Two clusters of different levels of cognitive success of children and adolescents in both age groups were identified. The high level of cognitive activity was determined in cases associated with attending music school, non-sports hobbies in schoolchildren of both age groups in general; basketball, football, dancing, summer holidays in camps in 5th grade schoolchildren; and swimming, skiing, competitive sports (non-professional), tutoring sections, computer programming in 9th grade schoolchildren.

 Conclusion. The correlations between the level of cognitive activity and the individual typology of extracurricular activities (based on features of personality formation and social influence of the family) has been determined.

The increase in the incidence of vaccine-preventable infections is due to the low level of immunological protection of the population, which against the background of active migration processes can determine high risks of outbreaks of infectious diseases and the development of epidemics. To study the tension of post-vaccination immunity to hepatitis B, measles, rubella, mumps, diphtheria, tetanus among Russian and foreign students studying in a Russian university. The study included students who received a full course of vaccination and revaccination for hepatitis B, tetanus, diphtheria, measles, rubella and mumps in accordance with the National Calendar of the Russian Federation (including students from Turkmenistan and Syria), similar immunization programs in Israel (students from Jordan and Palestine) and Tajikistan who did not have (according to medical records) these infections in the past. Evaluation of the state of immunity was carried out by determining antibodies by ELISA (hepatitis B virus and rubella), RPHA (tetanus and diphtheria toxoids) and RTGA (mumps and measles virus). The minimum protective level of antibodies was established when their concentration to HBsAg > 0.01 IU/ml, rubella virus > 10 IU/ml, titer to tetanus toxoid 1:20; diphtheria toxoid 1:40, mumps virus 1:10, measles 1: 4. 40 Russian and 63 foreign students were examined. The minimum protective level of antibodies and higher against tetanus and diphtheria toxoids has been established for all students, for hepatitis B — only for Russian students. The minimum protective level of antibodies to measles among Russian students was absent in 5 (13%), against mumps — 4 (10%), and rubella — 2 (5%) cases. Among foreign students, an insufficient level of antibodies to hepatitis B was recorded in 18 (29%), for measles — 19 (30%), for mumps — 15 (24%), for rubella — 4 (6%) cases. Insufficient protection of Russian and foreign students to measles, rubella and mumps was established, only foreign students to hepatitis B.

Background. The most frequent chronic lung pathology among infants and especially in premature children with extremely low and very low body weight is bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

The aim of the study is to study the prevalence of bronchopulmonary pathology among premature children and justify the need to vaccinate against pneumococcal disease premature children suffering from BPD.

Methods. The official statistics (Form №32) and data from annual reports of the catamnesis department of “the Honourary order” Perm Regional Clinical Hospital were used in order to measure the number of premature children born alive in Perm region in 2015-2017 yy. The estimation of prophylactic efficacy and reactogenicity of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) at immunization of premature children with BPD.

Results. The study group included vaccinated premature children with BPD (n=29), the experimental group included non-vaccinated premature children with BPD (n=29) and 30 vaccinated term children. Administration of PCV13 in premature children suffering from BPD has revealed its high prophylactic efficacy (no cases of community-acquired pneumonia among vaccinated children during the prospective study for 3 years), high tolerability (no cases of broncho-obstructive syndrome or negative effects on respiratory system such as apnoea or desaturation among vaccinated children). Low reactogenicity (17.2 ± 0.57%) and similar vaccine tolerance with term children (16.5 ± 0.55%) has been revealed as well. The combination of PCV13 with other vaccines from immunisation schedule did not increase the number of vaccine-induced diseases in comparison with administration of PCV13 alone.

Conclusion. The scientific necessity of vaccination of premature children with BPD against pneumococcal disease has been proved. The high prophylactic efficacy and low reactogenicity of PCV13 in this children group at tertiary neonatological care (catamnesis department of perinatal center) has been established within the national immunisation schedule.