Vol 6, No 4 (2009)
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VACCINATION
7-20 451
Abstract
On July, 1–2 within the framework of the Europaediatrics-2009 congress took place the master — class on vaccination. This initiative was realized under the direction of the Union of Pediatricians of Russia, the East European Vaccine Advisory Group (EEVAG) and Hepatitis Prevention Board (HpB). This master-class was supported by GlaxoSmithKline Company — the world leader in vaccines manufacture. During this master-class leading Russian experts in the field of infectious diseases have presented the data of unique researches underlining the current urgency of infectious diseases, for the present not included in an obligatory part of the National immunization schedule of Russia — a hepatitis A and a chicken pox. Necessity of discussion of a problem of these infections at children also has been caused by the opinion (both among pediatricians, and among parents), that these infections do not represent serious danger to health of the child. Participants of this master — class were more than 30 experts — pediatricians, epidemiologists, immunologists, infectionists and organizers of public health services from not only different regions of Russia, but also the CIS countries — Kazakhstan, Belarus and Ukraine.
21-24 359
Abstract
Wide spread of pneumococcal carriage, resistance to human organism defenses and ease of developing antibiotic resistance makes pneumococcus an extremely significant pathogen. Pneumococcal infections pose a serious threat to children’s population – approximately 1 million children die of pneumococcal infections annually. The new technology for producing vaccines through conjugation of proteins to polysaccharide has opened up a possibility of effective immunization against pneumococcal infection, providing immediate protection and creating immunological memory. Evidence of safety of applying conjugated pneumococcal vaccine was obtained through extensive research conducted both in the USA and Europe. Scheduled immunization of children provides significant medical and social, and therefore, an economic benefit by reducing the morbidity rate both in children and in adults.
Key words: pneumococcal infection, vaccination, pneumococcal conjugated 7-valent vaccine, children.
Key words: pneumococcal infection, vaccination, pneumococcal conjugated 7-valent vaccine, children.
25-29 445
Abstract
Grippol plus (LSR-006981/08-010908) is an influenza vaccine that will be applied in Russia in season 2009/2010 for children populations in the frames of National Immunization Schedule and «Zdorovie» Program. Influenza trivalent inactivated polymer-subunit vaccine is free from the preservative and is manufactured in comfortable package pre-filled ready-to-use syringes. The preparation is manufactured on the new production site in accordance with international quality standards (GMP). Immunological efficacy indexes for all three vaccine influenza virus strains comply with all three CPMP requirements for modern influenza vaccines. Vaccine is well tolerated by vaccineers and is low reactogenic. The results of clinical-epidemiological observations conducted in the season 2008–2009 with children of 3–17 years old show high vaccine efficacy and safety. Vaccine is recommended by specialists for children population annual immunoprophylaxis.
Key words: influenza, vaccination, children.
Key words: influenza, vaccination, children.
REVIEW
30-34 508
Abstract
Research into molecular apoptosis mechanisms in patients with cardio-vascular diseases is one of the pressing issues in modern medicine. Many mechanisms of this phenomenon still remain unexamined, the role of inductors and regulators in cardiomyocyte apoptosis has not yet been fully explained. This review summarizes research data that analyze the role that various groups of cell death inductors and regulators, such as FasL, Fas-R and mitochondrial apoptosis factors. Influence of the Bcl-2 protein family as apoptosis regulators is described. Developments in programmed cell death are reviewed.
Key words: apoptosis, cell death mechanisms, mitochondria, cardiamyocytes.
Key words: apoptosis, cell death mechanisms, mitochondria, cardiamyocytes.
CASE REPORT
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
35-39 428
Abstract
Acute obstructive laryngitis (croup — J.05) is one of the pressing and insufficiently studied issues in pediatrics. Over recent years focus has been on the issues related to the treatment of this condition due to a relative incidence rate and severity of croup in children of minor age. A clinical and lab study has been undertaken to identify the etiological structure and evaluation of beclo methasone efficiency in 163 children aged 3 months to 5 years with croup. Results of the study have demonstrated that most often the etiological factor of croup is parainfluenza virus (56,1% of all cases), respiratory syncytial virus is revealed in 44,73% of all cases. Bacterial etiology of the disease have been found in 12,5% of children with the etiological agent being Haemophilus influenzae type b. Supplementation of the treatment for acute obstructive laryngitis of virus etiology with inhalant beclomethasone makes it possible to reduce the number of intubations, hence decrease the frequency of complications after invasive interventions and cut the length of hospital stay.
Key words: Beclomethasone, acute obstructive laryngitis, children.
Key words: Beclomethasone, acute obstructive laryngitis, children.
40-46 1826
Abstract
According to the WHO, giardiasis incidence rate in children in the world is 15 to 20%. In Russia, over 130,000 cases of giardiasis are registered annually, of which children under 14 years account for more than 70%. The study of 124 children with giardiasis conducted by the authors has shown that giardiasis in children always triggers development of chronic duodenitis, in 55% of cases that coupled with lymphostasis, in 45% — that with atrophy of duodenum mucous lining. In 40% of cases, chronic duodenitis with giardiasis is accompanied with duodenogastric reflux, in 88% — with development of lactase deficiency, in 81% — by functional biliary system distress and in all cases with intestinal tract microbiocenosis distress. Along with clinical manifestations of the disease, the researchers have studied immunological modifications in children with giardiasis, and have evaluated the information content of various diagnostic techniques, efficiency of medication. The authors have demonstrated that mono therapy with any of anti giardiasis drugs (metronidazole, nifuratel, albendozole) has low efficiency. Saccharomyces boulardii have a powerful comprehensive effect on many links of giardiasis pathogenesis.
Key words: giardiasis, infestation, scatoscopy, Saccharomyces boulardii.
Key words: giardiasis, infestation, scatoscopy, Saccharomyces boulardii.
LECTURE
48-65 392
Abstract
This review summarises the basic and essential laboratory tools for identifying and differentiating renal diseases in children. Furthermore, it describes the limits of out-dated techniques and the potential of new diagnostic laboratory methods. Diagnostic algorithms are shown which, together with supplementary methods allow, firstly, the diagnosis of the location of renal damage levels; secondly, clarification of the etiology of the disease and, thirdly, the characterisation of the stage of the renal function disorder.
Key words: kidney diseases, diagnostics, symptoms of renal damage, children.
Key words: kidney diseases, diagnostics, symptoms of renal damage, children.
66-83 462
Abstract
This review summarises the basic and essential laboratory tools for identifying and differentiating renal diseases in children. Furthermore, it describes the limits of out-dated techniques and the potential of new diagnostic laboratory methods. Diagnostic algorithms are shown which, together with supplementary methods allow, firstly, the diagnosis of the location of renal damage levels; secondly, clarification of the etiology of the disease and, thirdly, the characterisation of the stage of the renal function disorder.
Key words: kidney diseases, diagnostics, symptoms of renal damage, children.
Key words: kidney diseases, diagnostics, symptoms of renal damage, children.
84-87 611
Abstract
The article provides data regarding the clinical efficacy and safety of leukotriene receptor antagonists in treatment of bronchial asthma in children. The only representative of this group that is allowed in Russia for treatment of children over 6 years of age is Montelukast. Approval of new 4 mg dosage of Montelukast for children from 2 years of age is expected in Russia in July 2009. Leukotriene receptor antagonists have a high safety profile and can be used as an alternative first-line therapy for persistent asthma.
Key words: leukotriene receptor antagonists, montelukast, bronchial asthma, children.
Key words: leukotriene receptor antagonists, montelukast, bronchial asthma, children.
BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA IS A RISK FACTOR IN THE RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTION IN CHILDREN
88-99 541
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, originally described as iatrogeny in extreme premature infants who had long-term artificial pulmonary ventilation, is currently viewed as a chronic lung disease in children. With the onset in the neonatal period, at an older age bronchopulmonary dysplasia is characterized by persisting respiratory symptoms, hospital readmissions due to an intensifying broncho-obstructive syndrome, the related etiological factor of which is respiratory syncytial virus. The review using evidence from current professional sources provides information about epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis and pathomorphology, the clinical picture and diagnostics of bronchopulmonary displasia and contribution of respiratory syncytial virus to disease exacerbation. The up-to-date classification of disease is provided. Approaches to therapy and prevention are characterized from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine.
Key words: bronchopulmonary dysplasia, respiratory syncytial virus, children.
Key words: bronchopulmonary dysplasia, respiratory syncytial virus, children.
100-105 433
Abstract
There is considered the problem of treatment of cough in children with acute respiratory infections in article. In particular, the data on an effective administration of the domestic combined medication framed on basis of medicinal grasses with codeine in complex therapy of acute respiratory infections is presented.
Key words: acute respiratory infections, cough, treatment, codeine, children.
Key words: acute respiratory infections, cough, treatment, codeine, children.
MATERIALS OF 4TH EUROPEAN PAEDIATRIC CONGRESS «EUROPAEDIATRICS-2009»
For Pediatricians' Practice
117-119 655
Abstract
The quality of life of adolescents aged 14 to 17 with essential arterial hypertension has been studied using the questionnaire MOS SF-36. The results of the study indicate a significant drop in both mental and physical health of adolescents. It has been established that the level of arterial blood pressure is not the only factor determining a deteriorated quality of life of adolescents with essential arterial hypertension. A deterioration in the quality of life is most characteristic of adolescents with labial arterial hypertension: this was found on all of the 8 scales in the questionnaire. In adolescents with stable arterial hypertension, a definite reduction in the quality of life was revealed only on six out of 8 scales examined. Physical activity in adolescents both with stable and labial arterial hypertension was limited to the same extent, however, psychoemotional stress was more common in adolescents with labial arterial hypertension. In the authors’ view, the revealed differences indicate the different extent to which psychosomatic mechanisms are involved in the development of arterial hypertension and a need for tailor-made approach to treating this category of adolescents.
Key words: the quality of life, essential arterial hypertension, adolescents.
Key words: the quality of life, essential arterial hypertension, adolescents.
120-122 486
Abstract
Over the past years, the role of physical education and sports in youth health improvement has deteriorated, the public status of physical training for purposes of health improvement and promotion has fallen. The article outlines the results of a study of attitudes to physical education and sports among 310 senior grades in secondary schools of the town of Zhukovsky in Moscow region under the program of research into health-saving behaviours in adolescents. Along with a low sports activity most adolescents of both sexes do not do morning exercises at all. At the same time, their overall motor performance is also at a very low level. The sedentary life style becomes a dominant feature in the development of younger generation.
Key words: adolescents, attitude to sports, motor performance.
Key words: adolescents, attitude to sports, motor performance.
123-127 749
Abstract
The article describes the therapy for atopic dermatitis with topical glucocorticosteroids. Parameters of the «ideal» topical cortico steroid are provided: strong anti-inflammatory effect, low systemic bioavailability, quick action onset, minimal side effects, multiplicity of pharmaceutical forms. It describes results of a number of clinical trials for efficacy and safety of using mometasone furoate in children, a pharmaceutical product close enough to the «ideal» characteristics of a topical corticosteroid.
Key words: atopic dermatitis, topical glucocorticosteroids, mometasone furoate, children, safety.
Key words: atopic dermatitis, topical glucocorticosteroids, mometasone furoate, children, safety.
FROM THE UNION OF PEDIATRICIANS OF RUSSIA
SHORT REPORT
ISSN 1727-5776 (Print)
ISSN 2500-3089 (Online)
ISSN 2500-3089 (Online)
