The article deals with the one of the most urgent problems of the modern world — viral papilloma. As is known, this is the most widely spread sexually transmitted infection. Human papilloma virus is responsible for the development of such a hazardous pathology as cervical cancer. The only method to prevent it is the vaccination against this virus. The authors introduces the new vaccine against the viral papilloma, ensuring protection from the most on cogenous types of viruses.
Key words: viral papilloma, cervical cancer, prevention, vaccination.

The article highlights comparative characteristics of the polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines against pneumococcal infection, meningococcosis and haemophilus influenza. The author stresses the advantage of the conjugate vaccines. The researcher provides the data on the achieved success as to the application of the conjugate vaccines against the said infections abroad and demonstrates a sizable reduction in the morbidity with different forms of pneumococcal infection, resulting from the conjugate pneumococcal vaccine introduced to the immunization program in the developed nations of the world.
Key words: pneumococcal infection, meningococcosis, haemophilus influenzae, vaccine, types of vaccines, children.

The authors analyzed the literature data on oseltamivir application for the flu prevention and treatment in pediatrics, which is most important for the practitioners. They showed peculiarities of the flu course in children, vulnerable groups, most often complications. Against this background, the application of etiotropic anti flu medications from the class of neuraminidase inhibitors becomes quite urgent. They showed that the etiotropic medications are the only group of medications now, which proved to be efficient against flu in children from the viewpoint of the evidentiary medicine. Oseltamivir is an efficient and safe medication for the prevention and treatment of type A and B flu among infants aged over 1, including h5n1 flu.
Key words: oseltamivir, neuraminidase inhibitors, children.

In recent years, the mycotic infections have become to take an important place in the structure of the infective complications in children with a major burning injury. Thus, the rate of intrusive candidosis amounts to 30%. In the event of the intrusive mycoses, the attributive mortality is very high and comes to 40 to 90%. Today, the doctors have new anti mycotic medications at their disposal, which have proved to be highly efficient and safe in the controlled clinical studies of adults. The authors describe their own experience in efficient application of caspofungin, a modern antimycotic, to fight intrusive candidosis of an infant with a major burning injury and analyze the relevant literature. Based on the literary data and their experience, the authors recommend using caspofungin in treatment of intrusive candidosis in children with a major burning injury.
Key words: intrusive candidosis, major burning injury, children, caspofungin.

The article highlights the findings obtained from the examination of 200 girls aged from 8 to 17, who underwent active orthostatic tests to study the adaptive capabilities of the body and initial tone of the sympathetic nervous system. The examination was carried out with ankar 131 computer cardio analyzer. The given try allowed the researchers to get an idea about the state of the compensatory and adaptive mechanisms of the girls during the puberty and identify the high risk groups of school students in terms of dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system and genital system pathology.
Key words: puberty, vegetative tone, active orthostatic test, girls.

In conditions of a pediatric site at 114 children of early age psychological development on 5 spheres (motor, touch, cognitive, emotional, behavioral) are estimated. The somatic reason of a neurologic and behavioral development deviation in half of cases reveals the frequent respiratory disease. Deviations basically concern emotional and behavioral spheres on which as has shown questioning in 107 pediatricians, there is no due attention from local pediatricians. It does not justify expectation of parents (109 respondents) which harmonious development of all spheres of the child interest.
Key words: neurologic and behavioral development at an early age, clinical psychological diagnostics, emotional and behavioral disorder, frequent respiratory diseases in children.

Omalizumab, a medicine of the recombinant humanized mono clonal antibodies to Ige, is applied in russia among teenagers throughout a year. it is prescribed to patients with severe persistent incontrolled by iks atopic bronchial asthma (BA). The article generalizes the experience of omalizumab application among teenagers and highlights the first findings in respect of its efficiency and safety. 6 month long omalizumab based treatment contributes to the reduction in the recurrence of the clinically significant BA exacerbations by 65% and the frequency of because hospitalizations by 78%. Against the background of the ongoing treatment, the indices of the bronchial passability get better; the need in the bronchial spasmolytics falls down; BA control improves. Most children have a chance to sizably reduce the dose of the inhalant glucocorticosteroids against the omalizumab based treatment. The authors pointed out to the reduced symptoms of the allergic rhinitis, grass pollen allergy, food allergy among teenagers, who have been receiving the ant Ige therapy for a long time. They also noted the satisfactory profile of omalizumab safety.
Key words: omalizumab, ant Ige antibodies, bronchial asthma, treatment, children, teenagers, bronchial asthma control.

The researchers analyzed the rate and intensity of albuminuria among children and teenagers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (dm1). They studied 4 groups of patients with various diabetes duration: 3 years, from 3 to 5 years, from 5 to 10 years and over 10 years. In creased renal excretion of albumin was registered across all the groups of patients along with the increase of the rate and intensity provided diabetes duration is over 10 years. Subject to the approved criteria, diabetic nephropathy was diagnosed in 15,4% of patients, whereas 9 of 55 children with diabetes have had dm1 for less than 3 years. The median of the micro albuminuria debut falls into the dm1 duration of 4 years, while proteinuria begin in 6 years of the disease at the mean. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors based therapy for 6 months proved to be efficient among children with microalbuminuria. A more intense effect has been obtained when the treatment course was for 1 year. Once the medication was canceled the intensity of albuminuria increased for the next six months again. Among the patients with proteinuria, the treatment by the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors proved to be insufficiently efficient. The results of the present analysis showed the efficiency of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors based therapy at the preclinical diabetes stages, confirmed irreversibility of the nephropathy advance against initially high excretion of albumin with urine irrespective of the disease stage and defined the necessity to start the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors based therapy at an early stage to achieve the long term results.
Key words: type 1 diabetes mellitus, children, diabetic nephropathy, albuminuria, proteinuria, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.

The article describes the modern views on the application of the inhalant glucocorticoids (budesonide suspension) among infants, who underwent artificial pulmonary ventilation at the neonatal stage and who had bronchopulmonary dysplasia formed. The authors performed the clinical and functional evaluation of their state owing to the bronchophonography along with the follow up observation until 6 month of life.
Key words: artificial pulmonary ventilation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, extremely low body weight, bronchophonography, acoustic work of breathing.

The authors presented the results of the medical history, monitoring of the pregnancy and outcome of the delivery among 260 women with obstetric gynecologic anamnesis record and high risk of the fetus contamination split into 3 groups. 106 women (group I) underwent the pre con ceptional preparation 2 to 4 months prior to pregnancy and received both conventional therapy and metabolic medications prior to and during pregnancy. 82 women (group II) were observed from 2nd to 3rd trimester of pregnancy and also received metabolic medications. 72 women (group III) were observed from the first weeks of pregnancy and received only conventional therapy during their pregnancy. The researchers discovered that all the women had different chronic diseases. The laboratory examination proved there was a high rate of contamination by different viruses and agents of sexually transmitted diseases. They also found out that the metabolic therapy during the pre con ceptional preparation and pregnancy leads to a drastic drop of different complications during pregnancy, delivery and down lying period, improves placenta function and optimizes the fetus development conditions, sizably reduces any chances of the fetus and newborn intrauterine infection, enhances the newborn adaptation and leads to reductions in the perinatal and infant mortality. Ever deteriorating health of women and various complications during pregnancy and delivery registered among the women, who underwent pre con ceptional preparation by metabolic correction, clearly show the necessity to take steps to prevent the women's diseases and keep their reproductive health from adolescence on.
Key words: pre-conceptional preparation, metabolic medications, pregnancy, act of delivery, newborns, fetal infection, perinatal death.

The results of the investigation of effectiveness and safety of sublingual allergen specific immunotherapy (slit) with tree pollen mixture for hay fever treatment in children are presented in the article. 42 children 4 to 18 years old with hay fever (allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, pollen asthma) were included in the study. Birch, alder and hazel pollen sensitization was proved by skin prick test (positive in 5 patients and strongly positive in 37). 2 courses of slit out of flowering season were conducted in every child. Total dose of allergen was 43321 ± 73 PNU (3990 to 120 000 PNU) after 1st course of slit, and 93 850 ± 128 PNU (8750 to 249 000 PNU) after 2nd course. Effectiveness of the 1^st course of slit was 3,5 points out of 4,0 and of the 2nd course — 3,8 points. Disease remission was registered in 59,5% patients after the 1st course of slit and in 83,3% patients after the 2^nd course. Local side effects (tongue and throat itching, nausea and o edema of lips) and systemic side effects (rhinorrhea, eye itching, fatiguability and bronchospasm) of mild severity did not lead to treatment cessation. Slit is highly effective and safe method for hay fever treatment in children.
Key words: pollen sensitization, sublingual allergen specific immunotherapy, children.

The article highlights the data on the physical development of the school aged children, frequency of its violations and age dynamics of indices, characterizing the mineralization of the bone tissue among children. The author confirmed close relations between the mineralization of the bone tissue and the level of the physical development. She showed that some indices of the physical development should be used, while splitting children between the osteopenia and osteoporosis risk groups.
Key words: osteopenia among children, physical development, osteoporosis risk groups.

The article highlights the results of oxybutinin hydrochloride m cholinolytics application in children with disorders of the adaptive urinary bladder function against the obstructive uropathy during the preoperative preparation. It shows the efficiency and safety of the intravesical medication injection, which allowed the researchers to cut the preoperative period in children with a combined pathology of the upper urinary tracts and expand the age range for the application of the given medication.
Key words: urinary bladder dysfunctions, obstructive uropathy, oxybutinin hydrochloride, preoperative preparation, children.

Vesicoureteral reflux is one of the most widely spread lower urinary tract diseases among children, which is the primary reason for the disturbed urodynamics and development of the chronic pyelonephritis. As a consequence, the contamination of the urinary tracts may be the reason for further development of the chronic kidney disease, renal hypertonia and may inevitably lead to disability. The modern diagnostics of the vesi coureteral reflux is very important for the adequate conservative and operative treatment. In the given article, the authors highlight the diagnostics development stages of this disease and provide comparative characteristics of different diagnostic methods.
Key words: vesicoureteral reflux, urodynamics, diagnostics, children.

The article demonstrates the necessity to prescribe the anti febrile medications to children on medical authority only. Besides, the authors stress that the doctor's tactics should be differential in the various types of fever. It is specifically essential for the pediatricians to take account both of the efficiency and safety of a prescribed medication, while choosing one.
Key words: fever, fever types, antifebrile medications, children.

The purpose of research was to study the efficiency of the highly hydrolyzed adapted formula in artificially fed infants with severe atopic dermatitis. The researchers examined 30 artificially fed children aged from 1 month to 1 year with severe atopic dermatitis. In 56,6% of cases, they noticed an associated skin and gastrointestinal tract allergy. Application of the highly hydrolyzed adapted compound as a part of the complex antiallergic therapy led to a long>term clinical effect in 93,3% of cases. This was achieved by the remission of severe atopic dermatitis and associated gastrointestinal allergy on the 16th day on average from the treatment commencement against the decreased serum levels of general Ige and specific Ige to the к cow's milk proteins and casein. In each case the adequate growth and physical development of infants is ensured.
Key words: atopic dermatitis, children, highly hydrolyzed adapted formula.

The esophageal reflux is quite often accompanied by cow milk allergy in infants. For that matter, the authors recommend to examin all infants with esophageal reflux to be sure if they have allergy or not. The authors represent diagnostic methods for both disorders. Besides the authors represent the results of the research work on effectiveness of amino acid mix for cmatreatment which they used in patients with esophageal reflux.
Key words: allergy to the protein of the cow milk, esophageal reflux, amino acid mixture, children.

The juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is one of the most widely spread rheumatic diseases among children, which is characterized by the steady progressive run, rapidly leading to the disability. Among numerous JRA manifestations, one of the leading is the joint syndrome with children mostly suffering from the knee joint impairment. With JRA, the initial changes in the joints affect the joint tissues and articular cartilage, while the bone changes evolve at the late stages of the disease. As a result, the echography plays an important role in the early arthritides diagnostics if compared to the x ray study and computerized tomography. To identify the typical features of the knee joint impairment, 97 children with JRA and 16 children with the juvenile spondyl arthritis (JSA) underwent the high pitched linear transducer assisted echography. The overwhelming majority of patients showed the changes in the hyaline cartilage. The hyperechoic enlargements in the depth of the cartilage were typical of JRA, while the cartilage thinning was typical of JSA. About a half of the patients showed the effusion. Over a third of the patients showed the changes in the cortical layer of the articular bone surface.
Key words: juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile spondyl arthritis, diagnostics, knee joint echography, children.

The article highlights the findings, pertaining to the efficiency and safety of multivitamin Pikovit forte application among children. The researchers came to conclusion that this balanced multivitamin complex is a modern high quality and low allergy medication with a pleasant flavour. It may be applied among children aged over 7 for the intense vitamin based therapy.
Key words: multivitamins, children.

The non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs are widely applied in the pediatric practices for the fever therapy among children. While choosing the medications from this group to prescribe them to the children, it is essential to get guided towards the highly efficient medications with the least risk of the side effects. Only Paracetamol and ibuprofen are fully compliant with this requirement. They are officially recommended by who as the anti febrile medications for use in pediatrics. In the given article, the author reviews the advantages of ibuprofen over to Paracetamol based on the data from the foreign randomized research. She pays certain attention to the safety issues during the ibuprofen based treatment and to the opportunities of the combined Paracetamol and ibuprofen based therapy.
Key words: fever, treatment, non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, children.

A conference of young scientists dedicated to the 245th anniversary of the Scientific Center of Children's Health was held on September 12, 2008.
Speakers at the conference were young professionals working at SCCH of RAMS, Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy, Institute of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology. During the conference the poster session was held in which young scientists of the Centre took part. Presentations of participants were evaluated by the members of the Academic Council of SCCH, leading specialists of the Center. Gifts to the winners of the conference were provided by "Procter & Gamble".
Winners and awardees:
I place: Chistyakova V.P. - Clinical intern at SCCH of RAMS;
II place: Gudkova E.Yu. - Researcher at the Department of Rheumatology of SCCH of RAMS;
III place: Darmanyan A.S. - Researcher at the Department of diagnostics and rehabilitation treatment of SCCH of RAMS.
Best poster paper: Plyakin V.A. - Researcher at Surgical Department NTSZD RAMS.
Audience Award: Tikhomirova E.A. - Researcher at the Department of functional diagnostics of SCCH of RAMS.