Background. Tolerance to immunization with conjugate tetravalent vaccine against meningococcal infection (serotypes A, C, Y, W) for vulnerable categories of children has not been studied before.

The aim of the study is to estimate the safety of the conjugate tetravalent vaccine against meningococcal disease serotypes A, C, Y, W in children who deprived of parental care. 

Methods. Our cohort prospective study included 1-4 years old children with distresses and chronic diseases (neurological disorders, congenital defects, genetic diseases, allergy) in closed healthcare facility. The safety of tetravalent conjugate meningococcal vaccine (serotypes A, C, Y, W) was measured in 24-hour hospital during 7 days after vaccination in two ways: mono-vaccination and combined vaccination (with other vaccines from National vaccination calendar). General and local adverse effects (AE) were registered. 

Results. 105 children were immunized. 94 children (89.5 %) had asymptomatic postvaccinal period after using monoand co-vaccination. General AEs such as fever, long-lasting crying, vomiting, diarrhea and drowsiness were not registered at all. Local AEs such as pain, hyperemia and edema in injection site were registered in 11 (10,5 %) children. All local AEs were mild and recovered fast both in mono-vaccination and combined vaccination. No aggravations of primary disease were mentioned. 

Conclusion. We can notice good immunization’s tolerance in children with diseases and parental deprevation using the conjugate tetravalent vaccination against meningococcal disease (serotypes A, C, Y, W) in mono-vaccination and combined vaccination.

Background. Children’s body weight is the predictor of pathologic elevation of arterial blood pressure (ABP) in adult life.

The aim of the study is to divide the data on body weight and ABP in adolescents and to find correlations between them. 

Methods. The randomised study of 11 and 15 years old pupils from general education institutions was carried out. The 16 months research was executed in 9 different regions of the country (one region from every federal district and 5 schools (with juniors and seniors) in each were randomly selected). In addition to measurement of ABP (three times by Korotkov’s method) and body weight (using general bathroom scales) all children were examined by the group of pediatric specialists (pediatrician, gastroenterologist, allergologist, otolaryngologist, ophthalmologist, neurologist, psychologist, cognitive specialist, orthopedic traumatologists, nephrologist, ultrasound and laboratory diagnostic specialist).

Results. The study included 1911 teenagers. The correlation (p<0,010 for all groups) between systolic/diastolic blood pressure and body weight was revealed in group of boys at the age of 11 (r=0,394/0,206) and 15 (r=0,231/0,185) years old and in group of girls of the same age age (r=0,330/0,227 and r=0.228/0.148 respectively). 

Conclusion. The significant correlation between body weight and levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 11 and 15 years old children has been revealed.

Background. It is required to perform estimation of epidemiological and cost efficacy (regarding morbidity rate) of mass routine vaccination against pneumococcal infection in Russian children and carried out earlier selective vaccination of children from high-risk groups on the basis of four-year experience. It is also important to estimate the rate of hospital admissions in this patient group, long-term and annual cycles, morbidity age and etiology structure, and mortality due to community-acquired pneumonia as one of the most common form of pneumococcal disease.

The aim is to study the effect of selective and mass immunization against pneumococcal infection on the morbidity and mortality due to community-acquired pneumonia in children under 5 years of age. 

Methods. The analysis of communityacquired pneumonia morbidity (in 2003–2018) and mortality due to pneumonias (in 2003–2018) in children under the 14 years old in Perm was carried out. Serotypes of circulating pneumococcus, etiology of community-acquired pneumonias and immunization cost efficacy (direct expense on health care) were further studied. The analysis of study indexes was carried out following selective (vaccination of at-risk children in 2011–2014) and mass (vaccination of infants in 2015–2018) immunization strategies. 

Results. The morbidity rate of community-acquired pneumonias decreased by 4.0 times (from 267.0 to 66.7 for 1000) after performing selective vaccination (2011–2014) in at-risk children (frequently and chronically ill children). The morbidity rate of community-acquired pneumonias in non vaccinated children of the same group increased by 2.0 times (from 40.0 to 80.0 for 1000 non-vaccinated). The prophylactic efficacy index was 46.0. Whereby the antibacterial index among vaccinated frequently and chronically ill children was 0.11 on one child. This index has decreased by 2.6 times (from 0.11 to 0.04 on one child) in a year within the framework of prospective controlled randomized clinical study. The antibacterial index among non-vaccinated children of this group remained slightly the same: 0.09 and 0.12 respectively. During the selective vaccination the mortality rate among infants decreased by 2 times: long-term average index was 17.9 (2011–2014) against 35.2 (2003-2010) on 100 thousand children. Mass vaccination of infants against pneumococcal infection has reduced the incidence of community-acquired pneumonias among children under 2 years of age and has led to absence of multiple sites of pneumococcal infection in children’s organizations. It also has reduced the number of hospitalized children and achieved zero mortality due to pneumonias in infants by the third year of this immunization strategy implementation. The obtained results were achieved mainly due to circulation of 7 pneumococcal serotypes (6A, 6B, 9V, 14, 19A, 19F, 23F) in children under 5 years of age. The threshold level of vaccination against pneumococcal infection advancing morbidity and mortality due to pneumonias in children was specified. The strategy of mass vaccination of infants was cost-effective. 

Conclusion. The new data on epidemiological and cost efficacy of various immunization strategies against pneumococcal infection in children was obtained.

The article analyzes the most significant genodermatoses associated with a high risk of allergic reactions that may occur in the practice of a dermatologist and pediatrician, such as ichthyosis and ichthyosiform dermatoses, Netherton syndrome and other ichthyosiform erythroderma, peeling skin syndrome, SAM syndrome, as well as congenital bullous epidermolysis. The article also describes in detail the pathogenetic aspects of transcutaneous sensitization, the development of food allergies and the listed above genodermatoses, two illustrative clinical cases are given.

The article presents modern data on the features of the structure of the skin and the formation of the epidermal barrier in premature and young children. Information is given regarding changes in the properties of the skin: microrelief, hydration, transepidermal water loss, acidity, content of the natural moisturizing factor, and sebum secretion. Attention is also paid to the role of vernix caseosa in the formation of a mature epidermal barrier and data on the use of emollients are provided.