Vol 9, No 1 (2012)
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NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE
A. A. Baranov,
V. J. Albitskiy,
I. V. Vinyarskaya,
V. V. Tchernikov,
N. V. Ustinova,
O. I. Simonova,
J. V. Gorinova,
M. S. Samsonova
6-8 776
Abstract
Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a value correlating with life duration, which depends on person’s disturbances, current functional condition, self-perception and social abilities, which are influenced by diseases, traumas, treatment and private set. The results of adaptation and validation of the questionnaire HUI for utilitarian health index in children older than 5 years. Received data allowed to make the following conclusion: the Russian version of the questionnaire HUI can be used for life quality evaluation in scientific and clinico-economic researches in pediatrician practice.
PHARMACOECONOMICS IN PEDIATRICS
9-15 742
Abstract
The results of expert analyses АВС–VEN of drugs, using in treatment of children with perinatal encephalopathy at the age of 7 days to 3 years in psycho-neurological department of MIH «Belgorod Municipal children hospital» are represented in this study. The research is performed accounting syndrome approach to the diagnosis. It was established, that in the groups with the most financial costs («A» and «B») almost half of the drugs were referred to «V» and «N» categories, and 67,6% of drugs of group «B» were referred to «E» category. According to expert VEN-analysis the predominant amount of drugs — 34 (51,5% of total used drugs) consist group «E». There are irrational use of drugs in central nervous system excitation syndrome and autonomic-visceral disturbances treatment. In general it was established that there are certain reserves for medicine therapy optimization in treatment of each syndrome of perinatal encephalopathy.
VACCINATION
17-19 682
Abstract
Paper is devoted to one of the most actual problems of early childhood — a pneumococcal infection. The unique preventive way is vaccination. The authors have demonstrated their own experience with pneumococcal conjugate 7-valent vaccine in 196 children 1–5 years old. A comparative analysis of children’s reactions to the vaccine, depending on their age and health status was done. The results showed the low vaccine reactogenicity, its safety in children with various disorders. Severe vaccine-related vaccination reactions and complications were not documented.
20-24 806
Abstract
Recently epidemiological data on maximal hepatitis A (HA) morbidity values shift to older age groups, including adolescents at the age of 15–19 years and young adults at the age 20–39 years, and decreasing significance of children as a risk group have been published. These phenomena have not been well studied and do not have satisfactory explanations. The aim of this study was to evaluate age dependent characteristics of epidemiological process of HA in Russian Federation and its federal districts during the current period of time and to determine the necessity and appropriate age of scheduled vaccination against this infection in children. The comparative analysis of age-dependent values of HA morbidity (percentage of children and adults, the rate of adults and children values, intensity) of the population in federal districts of Russian Federation in 1999, 2001 and 2010 was performed. It was established, that HA is still a significant challenge in children health in Russian Federation. The percentage of children at the age of 0–14 years among the developed the disease in 2010 (28%) does not differ significantly from that in 1999 (40%). In Far Eastern, Siberian and North-Caucasian federal districts the children morbidity constantly 4–6 times exceeds the respective values in adults. Such characteristics of HA epidemiology indicate the necessity of scheduled vaccination of children against this infection.
URGENT ISSUES OF A TREATMENT OF EAR, NOSE, THROAT DISEASES
25-29 1694
Abstract
Acute stenosing laryngotracheitis is the most common cause of the upper respiratory tract obstruction in children at the age of 6 months to 6 years old. It is the rapidly occurring syndrome, consisting of barking cough, hoarseness, stridor. The disease can be associated with development of respiratory failure and asphyxia, so pediatricians and emergency care doctors must be well aware of rational pharmacotherapy of this condition. The review contains the descriptions of the drugs, which efficacy is confirmed by convincing evidence database.
30-34 829
Abstract
High prevalence of asymptomatic diseases of the middle ear in children is caused both by high frequency of infectious and inflammatory lesions of the upper respiratory tract and lack of appropriate alertness in pediatricians. Due to that the number of patients with mild conduction deafness, caused mainly by exudative otitis media, is steady rising. In such cases the main methods of primary and secondary prophylaxis of permanent hearing impairment are adequate therapy of respiratory infections and early diagnostics of productive inflammatory processes in middle ear cavities. The article reflects modern approaches of complex topic treatment of acute and chronic respiratory tract diseases, associated with middle ear involvement and particularly the role and possibilities of mucolytic agents.
EMERGENCY CONDITIONS IN CHILDREN
36-44 3477
Abstract
Nutrition plays a key role in the growth and development of children. A present day balanced parenteral nutrition can adequately ensure the child’s organism with amino acids, carbohydrates, fats, and energy needed to maintain a basic energy level, physical activity, height, pre-correction of nutritional deficiency. The child’s body needs sufficient amounts of electrolytes, minerals, microelements and vitamins. Protein and energy homeostasis is the basis of the organism life, which determines the inflammatory response, the adequacy of the immune status, duration and severity of the disease. The paper presents recent data concerning the conduct of parenteral nutrition in children of different age groups.
LECTURE
45-55 997
Abstract
Meningococcal disease is characterized by a marked variation in incidence and serogroup distribution by region and over time. In several European countries, Canada and Australia, immunization programs, including universal vaccination of infants or toddlers with catch-up campaigns in children and adolescents, aimed at controlling disease caused by meningococcal serogroup С have been successful in reducing disease incidence through direct and indirect protection. More recently, meningococcal conjugate vaccines targeting disease caused by serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y have been licensed and are being used in adolescent programs in the USA and Canada while a mass immunization campaign against serogroup A disease has been implemented in Africa. Positive results from clinical trials using vaccines against serogroup В disease in various age groups suggest the possibility of providing broader protection against serogroup В disease than is provided by the currently used outer membrane vesicle vaccines. The purpose of our review of meningococcal epidemiology and assessment of existing policies is to set the stage for future policy decisions. Vaccination policies to prevent meningococcal disease in different regions of the world should be based on quality information from enhanced surveillance systems.
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
L. S. Namazova-Baranova,
E. A. Vishneva,
R. M. Torshkhoeva,
Z. N. Dzagoeva,
A. A. Alekseeva,
J. G. Levina,
K. E. Efendieva,
N. I. Voznesenskaya,
L. K. Aslamazyan
66-71 1110
Abstract
Article is devoted to atopic dermatitis (AD) in children. The high prevalence of this pathology and significant social and economic burden are responsible for the relevance of search for new medications for the treatment of AD, which will accelerate the achievement of remission. Inclusion of emollient in basic therapy for patients with atopic dermatitis of any severity is necessary element of improvement treatment efficacy, shorten duration of steroid consumption, lengthen the period of remission and reduce the number of exacerbations.
72-76 793
Abstract
Since 2010 till 2011 years by authority of Ministry of Health and social development of Russian Federation the clinical trial IIIA on evaluation of xenon efficacy and safety in anaesthesia in children (ASA I–III) with different surgical diseases has been performed. 60 anaesthesias with xenon in children at the age of 1–18 years were made: face mask — 3 (5%), laryngeal mask — 9 (15%), endotracheal — 48 (80%). Face mask monoanaesthesia with xenon has prolonged duration, difficulties in maintenance of outline airtightness and is expensive because of gas consumption, so this method was defined as unpromising. The optimal anaesthesia with xenon is laryngeal mask or endotracheal anaesthesia. Before all types of anaesthesia premedication with 0,1% atropine sulfate must be performed. Induction and initial anaesthesia in children younger than 5 years old should be performed with sevoflurane through face mask, in children older than 5 years — with propofol. The analgesia with xenon concentration in respiratory-anaesthesia mixture is insufficient and requires the intensification by intravenous phentanylum.
77-80 1815
Abstract
The article is devoted to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children, which is of great medical and social significance. In spite of contemporary achievements in therapy, the diseaset is characterized by repeated relapses with complications. Hence it is very important to search for new pathogenetic schemes of esophagitis treatment. Therefore the efficacy of melatonine in complex therapy of gastroesophageal reflux disease was evaluated in 20 children. During the treatment a definitely positive dynamics was achieved: elimination of pain syndrome, absence of palpatory pain in epigastrics and pyloroduodenal region, decrease of the frequency of dyspeptic tendencies and also a significant decrease of registration of gastroesophageal reflux in control endoscopic investigation, improvement of acidforming function of the stomach as well as regulatory processes in digestion due to normalization of melatonine level were confirmed. It was scientifically proved that the use of the medicine in complex treatment of patients with GERD allows to increase efficacy of the studied therapy in 2,5 times.
81-89 862
Abstract
The level of acute respiratory infections (ARI) morbidity is still high nowadays among all age groups. The certain danger has influenza infection, which is characterized by severe course, especially in children, high risk of complications, which can occur at different period of time after the onset of the disease, that is what makes influenza one of the most urgent challenges in pediatrics. The results of efficacy and safety evaluation of Russian immunomodulating drug with interferonogenesis induction action in children younger preschool age.
For Pediatricians' Practice
98-103 813
Abstract
The cause of alimentary allergy in infants is most common associated with different fractions of cow milk protein intolerance. As the milk component plays significant role in the diet of healthy infants and young children, the dietotherapy is based on special products — hydrolyzed formulas. The authors performed a research on assessment of the clinical efficacy of extensively hydrolyzed casein formula. This formula was given to 46 children at the age of 2–12 months with moderate (SCORAD ≥ 20) and severe (SCORAD ≥ 50) index of alimentary allergy manifestations. At the beginning of the investigation the increasing of serum IgE 5–10 times as normal was found in 73% of examined children. At the final follow-up the improvement of cutaneous symptoms, lowering of serum IgE were found in 96,2% of children, in 68% clinical remission was confirmed.
104-108 1962
Abstract
The article deals with one of the most common signs of the upper respiratory tract diseases — cough. Having the protective function as a base, cough in some cases can significantly worsen children’s condition. Cough treatment requires clear knowledge of the drug mechanism of action, safety and efficacy. The authors represent comparative characteristics of herbal drugs with secretomotoric antitussive mechanism of action. Along with the description of the pharmacological action of these drugs components, the issues of their efficacy and safety are reflected in the article. Herbal drugs which can be used for wet cough in children older than 2 years are discussed.
109-111 806
Abstract
The article reflects one of the important challenges in pediatric urology — treatment of megaureter in children, the condition which can lead to sclerotic changes in renal parenchyma and development of chronic renal failure. The authors used the physiotherapeutic method of treatment, including electrophoresis with the anti-sclerotic agent at the area of bladder and lower third of ureters. The received results, demonstrating successful effect of this treatment, are represented in the article.
112-117 764
Abstract
Due to high risk of bacterial complications in children with viral tonsillopharyngitis as an ambulatory preventive treatment the topic antiseptic drugs are frequently used. These drugs contribute to prolongation of normal microflora restoration in reconvalescents. The observed clinical observation showed the equal efficacy (according to dynamics of severity and duration of subjective viral respiratory tract infections complaints in children) of oropharynx mucous membrane instillations with elimination spray, prepared on the base of natural hypertonic sea water with herbal extracts, and topic drugs consisting hexetidine. However the wider range of action contributed to normalization of pharyngoscopic picture at the average of 1,5 days earlier, than during hexetidine treatment. Received data allow recommending spray with natural hypertonic sea water and chamomile and aloe extracts as the first-line drugs in ambulatory treatment of non-complicated viral tonsillopharyngitis in children.
MEDICAL AND PSYCHO-PEDAGOGICAL CARE FOR CHILDREN
91-97 827
Abstract
The article contains the issue of correction-pedagogical influence, depending on severity and duration of the disease, structure of the health disorders, grade of the cognitive impairment, type of the emotional reactions and behavioral characteristics of the child, that means independence on the child’s age. The stages of corrective and pedagogical care, ways of work with family, organization of the education and training process for children with hereditary metabolic diseases (at the model of mucopolysaccharidosis) are described. It is proved, that including of the corrective and pedagogical care into the rehabilitation provides the observation by the specialists the psychic development dynamics as one of the most significant indicators of children health, increases efficacy of enormous financial costs by means of children socialization and psychological potential of the able-bodied family members preserving.
DEBATABLE ISSUES OF PHARMACOTHERAPY
E. V. Mitenko,
E. I. Alekseeva,
T. M. Bzarova,
S. I. Valieva,
A. M. Tchomachidze,
K. B. Isaeva,
E. G. Tchistyakova,
R. V. Denisova,
T. V. Sleptsova,
T. J. Polyaeva,
A. N. Fetisova
118-124 699
Abstract
A medical case of early onset and severe course of juvenile ankylosing spondylitis and eyes involvement resistant to routine immunosuppressive drugs is represented in this article. The successful treatment with biological agent adalimumab is described. By the 4th week of treatment the acute inflammatory changes in joints have been arrested, the motion capacity completely restored. By the 8th week of treatment the remission of uveitis has been confirmed, the laboratory indicators of active stage of disease (ESR, serum CRP) have been normalized.
SHORT REPORT
ISSN 1727-5776 (Print)
ISSN 2500-3089 (Online)
ISSN 2500-3089 (Online)
