Background. Early diagnosis of thrombocytopathies in children is a relevant objective of pediatrics. Diagnostics helps prevent the development of bleeding, chronic posthemorrhagic anemia, reduces the risk of thrombosis.

The aim of the study is an assessment of the incidence of platelet aggregation disorders in children with manifestations of hemorrhagic syndrome against the background of chronic pathology.

Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health, Scientific Center No. 2, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery in the period from January — until December 2022. 62 children were included in the study, of which 50 children were selected (21 boys and 29 girls) aged 2 years 3 months to 17 years 11 months. The median age was 9.4 (7.2; 13.4). Aggregometry was performed using an impedance semiautomatic aggregometer in whole blood.

Results. Depending on the diagnosis, the children were divided into the following groups: cardiovascular diseases (CVD), lysosomal storage disorders (LSD), monogenic hereditary diseases (MHD), children with dysplastic syndrome (DS), children with pathology of the nervous system (NS). Hypoaggregation with thrombin-activating peptide (TRAP test) was detected in 28% of cases (n = 14), more often in children from the group with MHD — 10% (n = 5) and with the presenceof DS — 10% (n = 5). Hypoaggregation with adenosine diphosphate (ADP test) was detected in 20% of cases (n = 10), with arachidonic acid (ASPI test) was detected in 14% (n = 7). Hyperaggregation with the TRAP test was detected in 12% (n = 6), with the ADP test detected in 8% of cases (n = 4). Hyperaggregation with ASPI test was detected in 18% of cases (n = 9).

Conclusion. The analyzed results of laboratory tests of platelet aggregation function, hypoaggregation with inducers was observed in more than half of the children, hyperaggregation was observed was present in almost half of the patients.

Background. The commitment to vaccination of outpatient doctors is one of the factors that affects patients’ confidence in preventive vaccinations and, as a result, the incidence of controlled infections. Unfortunately, emotionally colored information is currently spreading among the population faster than scientifically proven facts all over the world.

The aim of this study is the examine of the level of knowledge and attitude to vaccination of doctors in one of the children’s polyclinics in Moscow.

Methods. An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among medical doctors of different specialties who expressed their attitude to various aspects of immunoprophylaxis and demonstrated knowledge in this field. Results. The survey demonstrated a positive attitude of respondents towards immunization, while some of them showed a cautious attitude towards the effectiveness and safety of vaccines, misconceptions (erroneous assumptions), increased susceptibility to “myths” about preventive vaccinations.

Conclusion. The level of knowledge of medical doctors on vaccine prevention within a single health care institution range from insufficient training, including misconceptions, to a high level of knowledge and commitment regarding immunization. It is necessary to regularly maintain current theoretical knowledge of doctors and consolidate it in practice.

Vaccination against viral hepatitis B is an effective method of protection against this infection. There is multiple decrease in the hepatitis B incidence. However, there was increase in chronic hepatitis B by 42.5%, 15 cases of acute viral hepatitis B in children and 2 deaths from this infection were registered according to the state report “On the sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the population of the Russian Federation for 2022”. The criteria for evaluating protection against viral hepatitis B are the anti-HBs level and the duration of post-vaccination immunity.

Objective. The aim of the study is to evaluate the duration of postvaccination immunity in temporal aspect in children and adolescents vaccinated against viral hepatitis B.

Methods. Prospective open-label study was conducted to assess post-vaccination immunity against viral hepatitis B in 143 children and adolescents. The study of anti-HBs was implemented via the immunoenzyme test system “Vectohep B-HBs-antigen”. Microsoft Office Excel 2010 package and the Prism9 program (GraphPad, USA) were used for statistical analysis.

Results. It has been shown that hepatitis B vaccine provides 100% seroconversion. However, decrease in anti-HBs levels was revealed already 6 months after vaccination in 15.07% of cases of seronegative individuals, after 1 year their number has increased up to 28.77% of cases. On average, every fourth person had low protective level of anti-HBs. Almost two-thirds of adolescents became seronegative by the age of 14.

Conclusion. Vaccination against viral hepatitis B ensures the maximum production of anti-HBs 1 month after the completed vaccination in 100% of cases. Antibody level begins to decrease 6 months after the third completed vaccination against hepatitis B, and in 14 years, 72.74% of those immunized become seronegative. All of these dictates the need to consider a booster dose in adolescents at the age of 14 years.

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic is a global challenge to States and health systems. The pandemic and its consequences can have a devastating impact on the health and development of children, especially those in vulnerable situations — children with disabilities.

The aim of the study is a medical and social assessment of the effect of the COVID—19 pandemic and its consequences on families with children with disabilities.

Methods. A descriptive study using the Google forms platform was conducted using the cross-sectional method. Two groups of parents of children aged 0–17 years with disabilities (group 1) and without disabilities (group 2) who apply to a medical organization for preventive examinations were interviewed.

Results and discussion. A total of 175 electronic questionnaires were received. Parents from 46 regions of Russia participated in the survey. A significant majority of respondents were women — 172 people (98%), 3 men (2%). More than half of the respondents are residents of the megalopolis. The study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the health and education of children and on the lifestyle and families welfare in general. It was revealed that the financial situation of many families who took part in the study worsened, which affected the living conditions of children. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the health care system was being rebuilt taking into account new tasks to counteract dangerous infection, which was reflected in changes in the provision of medical care to children, and in some cases this led to a deterioration of their health. A significant number of parents who participated in the study believe that changes in the organization of medical care during the pandemic had a negative impact on their child’s health. Among the main health problems, parents highlight delays and cancellations of medical consultations, difficulties in obtaining urgent care and problems with drug provision. Among the main health problems, parents highlight delays and cancellations of medical consultations, difficulties in obtaining emergency care and problems with drug provision. The study shows that families with disabled children have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic to a greater extent than families raising children without chronic health problems. If the deterioration of the financial situation is almost equally revealed in both groups, then problems related to medical care and education have a more noticeable impact on families with a child with a disability. The obtained results should be taken into account in times of new challenges when developing measures of state support for families with children, especially with children with disabilities. At the same time, it is important to pay primary attention to the organization of medical care for children (continuity of planned medical care for the child population and rehabilitation actions) and educational services (providing online learning opportunities for the child, taking into account individual ones).

Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences have had a negative impact on the standard and quality of life of people, especially families with children. The pandemic has had a significant adverse impact on the health and development of children, especially children with disabilities. The study showed a decrease in the financial situation of families, problems with children receiving medical care, difficulties in education, especially with regard to specialized pedagogical classes with disabled children, during the pandemic. According to the study, in order to prevent the negative impact of the pandemic, it is proposed not only to provide financial support to families, but also to maintain access to the educational process with the provision of the required devices, as well as the possibility of receiving medical care for children, especially children with disabilities, including planned.

Hormone-producing ovarian tumors in girls are an actual problem in modern gynecology, which is associated with certain difficulties in managing patients. Firstly, it is worth taking into account the higher anatomical mobility of tumors in girls than in adults, due to the high location of the ovaries, weakness of the ligamentous apparatus and the active lifestyle of the child, which causes a higher incidence of torsion of the volumetric mass in children. Secondly, surgical treatment of hormone-producing ovarian tumors leads to a decrease in ovarian reserve and irreversible consequences in the reproductive health of patients in the future, which is an extremely undesirable complication in childhood. Therefore, methods of fertility preservation should be discussed with girls and their parents. It is also important to note that hormone-producing ovarian tumors have a certain degree of malignancy and a tendency to recur. Thus, the relevance of this topic lies in the complexity of management of pediatric patients with this pathology due to the clinical features of the course and a higher probability of complications. Hormone-producing ovarian masses should also include follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts, but the above structures are excluded from the discussion in this article.

Readers will be presented with a series of articles on myocarditis in children, which are based on clinical guidelines developed by a group of authors on this topic. Myocarditis is an inflammatory myocardial disease characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations — from minor to sudden cardiac death. Given the absence of pathognomonic symptoms, as well as the similarity of manifestations in the onset with common childhood diseases such as respiratory distress, gastrointestinal diseases, infectious pathology, specialists often overlook the likelihood of a diagnosis of “myocarditis”, which causes a late start of therapy and an adverse outcome. Considering that myocarditis accounts for 12% of cases of sudden cardiac death in adolescents and young adults, suspicion of this disease in differential diagnosis in children with nonspecific symptoms and disease progression may be the key to the formation of a proper treatment strategy. Despite significant advances in the study of myocarditis in both adults and children, there are still many unresolved issues. The purpose of this article is to highlight the current view of the etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology and clinical features in children with various types of myocarditis in order to increase the knowledge of practitioners for better clinical management of patients with myocarditis.