Background. A novel coronavirus infection in newborns seems to be an unexplored problem, which encourages pediatric specialists to conduct in-depth research in this direction. The aim  of the study is the  impact of COVID status of mothers on the  condition of newborns. Material and  methods. A retrospective analysis of 554 newborn  histories (form 097/y) born from January 2021 to May 2022 was carried out in the Maternity Hospital in Krasnodar: 226 children from SARS-CoV-2 positive  women  at the time of delivery (group 1), 165 children  from women  who had SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy (group 2) and  165 children  from women  who did not have  SARS-CoV-2 in history during pregnancy (control group). Results. 42% of newborns from group 1 had  positive results of the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) study,  of which 36% had pneumonia. The frequency of preterm birth was: 29% in the group 1, 21% in the group 2, 13% in the control group. The gestational age 32–34 weeks was more  common in group 1. Children from the group 1 had a more  severe condition when  assessed on the  APGAR scale both  at the  first and  fifth minutes. Congenital pneumonia was more common among  patients of the groups 1 and 2 relative to the control, children from the group 1 more often  needed respiratory support  compared with  the  group 2 and  control  group. Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 virus  was  verified  in  42%  of children  born to mothers with a positive PCR at the  time of birth, while every third disease was accompanied by the  development of pneumonia. Coronavirus infection, regardless of the mother’s COVID status, is a risk factor for preterm birth, congenital pneumonia, and asphyxia. COVID-positive maternal  and neonatal status is associated with an increased need for respiratory support.

Background. The study  of the etiology and pathogenesis of vulvovaginitis in different age periods of girls in order to preserve their reproductive health.  Objective. The aim of the study is — to identify risk factors  for the development of vulvovaginitis at different girls  age  periods.  Methods. Retrospective  analysis  of information  from  electronic  medical  records  of 100 girls  of various  ages with inflammatory diseases of the  vulva and vagina treated on an outpatient basis. Results. Risk factors  identified: children in the period of neonatality and infancy this is an incorrect conduct of hygiene measures due  to insufficient awareness of parents;  in the period of neutral  childhood  — allergic reactions, somatic  diseases, antibiotic treatment, enterobiosis and childhood  masturbation, children in the period of acute  respiratory viral infections, inability to take  care of the genitals; in adolescent girls — the presence of chronic somatic inflammatory diseases, antibiotic therapy,  early onset of sexual activity, lack of contraception, non-compliance with personal  hygiene  rules, violation of menstrual hygiene,  belated access to a doctor. The main causative agents of vulvovaginitis in the period of neutral childhood were representatives of coccal flora and E. coli, in adolescence — Candida and microbial associations. Conclusion. Preventive conversations with patients and their parents about the identified risk factors for vulvovaginitis are necessary in order to prevent the development of inflammatory diseases of the genitals and to preserve reproductive health.

Carbamazepine is a drug that  has  been used  for a long time to treat  various neurological and  psychiatric disorders. The drug has effect on  many  body  systems and,  in particular, on  the  cardiovascular. The cardiovascular effect of carbamazepine depends on several factors  such  as the  presence/absence of any comorbidities and its plasma concentration. The drug’s antiarrhythmic effect was demonstrated previously in a number of experimental and clinical studies. In this article, we would like to present the clinical case of pediatric patient with frequent ventricular extrasystoles and arrhythmogenic myocardial dysfunction. Several antiarrhythmic drugs were  ineffective in this patient, while carbamazepine administration contributed to the  decrease in ectopic activity up to minimal values.

Germ  cell tumors  are  a heterogeneous group  of tumors  differentiating from  primary germ  cells of  embryonic gonads and  their derivatives. This case  report demonstrates the diagnostic algorithm and diagnostic tactics of a rarely encountered histological type of ovarian germ cell tumor.

Majocchi’s granuloma is an invasive dermatophytosis that is rare in pediatric patients. The composite authors  present a clinical case of Majocchi’s granuloma, which progressed under pressure of irrational external therapy of atopic dermatitis, which recovered under pressure of systemic therapy  with fluconazole.

Connective tissue dysplasia is congenital anomaly manifesting as different organ's and system's alterations: locomotor, skin, visceral dysfunctions. This article presents literature review covering such topical issues as female reproductive system features affected by mesenchymal pathology (undifferentiated forms of connective tissue dysplasia) and its medicamentous management (microelements, hormonal drugs, adaptogens). The analysis of original studies on this topic has revealed that connective tissue dysplasia has significant effect on female reproductive function development and can be complicated by various menstrual dysfunctions (hypomenorrhea syndrome, oligomenorrhea, opsomenorrhea, uterine bleedings, and secondary amenorrhea) as well as by endocrine changes (anti-Mullerian hormone deficiency, hypoprolactinaemia, hypoestrogenemia, etc.). Gestation and delivery features in patients with connective tissue dysplasia (preeclampsia, premature birth, and fetal abnormalities) were also revealed.

This review examines the international role of perinatal protection of a fetus in preservation of the health of the nation. Historical perspectives, present-day developments, and future priorities of perinatal medical science are given. The etiology of decompensated placental insufficiency and intrauterine growth restriction is considered. The authors also considered the epidemiology of premature delivery and perinatal outcomes, the problem of development, diagnosis and obstetric management in critical fetal condition is covered in detail. The current review of literature was conducted in order to advance the theoretical knowledge of specialists on modern complex issues of perinatal medicine. The considered practical aspects will contribute to the improvement of interdisciplinary interaction between clinicians of various specialties in the field of perinatal protection of a fetus and, through this, to the preservation of the health of the nation and the multiplication of future generations.