Background. Cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) is the reason of high mortality in perinatal period, disability in children from risk groups with further development of congenital malformations and chronic diseases. Clear understanding of epidemiology and determination of focus population groups is crucial for development of measures and algorithms of congenital CMVI prevention.

Objective. The aim of the study is to study CMVI seroprevalence among immunocompetent adolescents in Russian Federation with reference to the gender, regional, social and economic, and age factors.

Methods. We have used for our study data from the survey of senior schoolchildren from 7 municipalities representing various regions of Russian Federation: group 1 (10–12 years old) and group 2 (14–16 years old). The study of CMVI seroprevalence and immune response was performed via the analysis of the level of IgG antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV) in blood serum. The social and economic well-being of the region was determined by "RIA Rating" experts.

Results. Serological prevalence of CMVI in the study group of adolescents (n = 1403) was 70.6% (n = 990). There were no statistically significant gender differences in the distribution of seropositive children in regions (p = 0.525). Infection in boys (72.6%; n = 455; median age — 12.9 (11.0; 14.9)) did not prevail over the infection in girls (68.8%; n = 535; median age — 13.1 (11.0; 14,9)); p = 0,117. The overall prevalence of CMVI increased statistically significant with age — from 68% (n = 486) in group 1 to 73% (n = 504) in group 2 (p = 0.036). The prevalence of CMVI varied statistically significant by region (p = 0.003). There was no correlation between the regional seropositive level and the social and economic situation in the region (r = 0.034, p = 0.192). Immune response intensity did not differ by age, gender, and region with the antibody median of 88.9 CU/ml.

Conclusion. More than half of adolescents (by the age of 10) in Russian Federation are infected, and infection increases with approaching to childbearing age, however, age is not the only aspect associated with serological status. Factors affecting immune response intensity require further study. Understanding of the CMV prevalence among children is crucial for determining future prevention approaches in target groups.

Current article represents the modern clinical guidelines on management of severe bronchial asthma (BA) in children and practical use of genetically engineered biologic drugs.
Clinical efficacy and safety of omalizumab has its special role. Efficacy analysis was carried out in real-life' clinical setting (considering high economical expenses of biological treatment) to estimate effective response predictors and principles of patients selection for such therapy. Two years of anti-IgE treatment experience in inpatient pediatric department settings demonstrates that omalizumab inclusion to treatment of children with severe asthma resistant to standard therapy allows to solve asthma symptoms, to forgo high doses inhaled glucocorticosteroids, to improve lung function parameters, and to increase significantly quality of life in 95% of our patients.

Background. Modern preventive vaccination is intended to protect and enhance the health of every person considering age and health issues. Vaccination of children with chronic diseases in our country remains extremely topical and arguable problem that associated with many pending issues for doctors of various specialties, including those working as primary care specialists.

Objective. The aim of the study is to develop major approaches and to prove scientifically the efficacy and safety of preventive vaccination for children with various chronic diseases.

Methods. We have conducted comprehensive study of 100 children aged from 1 month to 17 years 11 months. Children were divided into 4 groups according to the specific disease. Vaccinal and infectious history was analyzed. The post-vaccination period was estimated due to the results of the questionnaire completed by parents. Vaccination immunogenicity was estimated based on the results of the level of specific antibodies to various controlled infections (measles, rubella, parotitis, hepatitis B, pertussis, haemophilus influenza type b).

Results. Protective titers of antibodies against haemophilus influenza type b were revealed in 96.2% of all examined patients, tetanus and hepatitis B — in 95.2%, against pertussis — in 92.5%, rubella — in 91%, measles — in 87.5%, parotitis — in 71.9%, chickenpox — in 69% children a month after the completed vaccination. The postvaccinal period was characterized as favorable in most patients. Major changes in overall health status occurred after vaccination in 42% of children was the following: subfebrile fever, capriciousness, or fatigue. Local reactions have developed only in 15% of cases.

Conclusion. The results of this study have demonstrated the preventive vaccination efficacy and safety in children with various chronic diseases

Background. Rising prevalence of allergic diseases is a major medical and social problem.

Objective. The aim of the study is to study the prevalence of allergy symptoms in schoolchildren of Chechen Republic according to the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood) questionnaire.

Methods. We have surveyed 3,398 schoolchildren from 26 randomly chosen schools located in 2 urban and 2 rural areas of Chechen Republic. The first age group (7–8 years old) included 1331 first graders, the second group (13-14 years old) — 2067 eighth graders.

Results. The prevalence of allergic diseases symptoms according to the questionnaire was the following: bronchial asthma (BA) — 18.4% (625 children), allergic rhinitis (AR) — 16.6% (565 children), atopic dermatitis (AD) — 4.7% (160 children), while medically verified diagnosis was established in dramatically less cases. Analysis of BA, AR, AD symptoms prevalence has revealed significant correlation between studied parameters and age. Symptoms of BA, AR prevailed in the older age group, AD in the younger one. There were no gender differences identified. Higher prevalence of BA and AR symptoms was recorded in urban residents, while the prevalence of AD in urban and rural areas was quite the same. Moreover, estimation of allergy symptoms prevalence revealed mild course of these diseases in schoolchildren of Chechen Republic.

Conclusion. The study, conducted with ISAAC questionnaire, demonstrates high prevalence of allergy symptoms in schoolchildren of Chechen Republic, exceeding the official statistics. It requires particular attention from the healthcare system and improved diagnostic methods for allergies.

Speech disorders have the leading position among cognitive disorders and represent the urgent medical problem. The modern approach to the treatment of cognitive and behavioral disorders in children consists of the integrity of pharmacotherapeutic, correctional and psychotherapeutic, as well as non-invasive instrumental methods of brain neurostimulation. This article provides the overview of the currently available data on transcranial magnetic stimulation method as noninvasive treatment of various neuropsychiatric disorders in children and its difference from physiotherapeutic methods used in traditional Russian practice.

The issues of long-lasting violations of physical and mental health among employees of Children’s City Outpatient’s Clinic №133 of Moscow City Health Department after COVID-19, as well as they effect on work quality and efficacy, and in some cases loss of any interest to work got us thinking about the features of post-COVID-19 syndrome and and forced us to analyze the prevalence and duration of various symptoms in employees. The protocol for this observational study was approved by the Moscow City Independent Ethics Committee. Developed questionnaires with questions both on the course of COVID-19 and on the postcovid period have fully revealed the picture of psychological, cognitive and asthenovegetative disorders in employees. Healthcare professionals of our clinic were interested in studying this issue as many symptoms of the disease have significantly affected the working capacity of several people. The study involved 68 volunteers. Interesting data and correlations were obtained and they have confirmed the fact of cognitive and memory decline in some employees of Children’s City Outpatient’s Clinic №133 who underwent COVID-19 and the effect of these disorders on working capacity. Study results have shown that 47.5% of doctors and 50% of nurses feel disability of varying degrees after COVID-19. The major task of the head of the facility in such situation is to implement long, comprehensive and effective rehabilitation for employees in order to maintain the capacity of medical workers.

Background. Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is limited symmetric non-inflammatory demyelination in the middle part of pontine. This disease is based on electrolyte balance disorders. Although CPM was firstly described in adults, but it can also occur in children. Every new case of CPM in children has undeniable interest and high scientific and practical significance due to its low incidence. Clinical case description. The child, 7 years old, had acute development, lethargy, multiple vomiting, subfebrile fever, pains in epigastric region. It has happened after drinking an unknown herb growing in the yard and previously covered with the insecticide "Akarin", according to the mother. The child was hospitalized in the pediatric department at the place of residence. The patient developed strabismus, swallowing disorder, and muscle weakness on infusion therapy. Biochemical blood test has shown hypokalemia and hyponatremia. Head MRI has shown symmetrical focal lesion of heterogeneous structure in pontine. Conclusion. Distinctive feature of this case is the development of CPM in a child on the ongoing therapy of hypokalemia and hyponatremia. The timely provision of qualified medical care has favoured the child's recovery.