The need to develop an integrated approach to the treatment of children with bronchial asthma is conditioned by a significant increase in morbidity, emergence of more severe forms of the disease and a lack of radical treatment methods. Along with the development and implementation of modern drug treatment methods, the most topical issues are a consideration of the socio-psychological characteristics of patients and psychological and pedagogical support of children during treatment. Study Objective: To study the lifestyle peculiarities of primary schoolchildren (7–10 years) with bronchial asthma and their psychological state. Patients and Methods. The study included children with bronchial asthma (atopic form, partially controlled course) as well as conditionally healthy peers (health groups I and II) as a comparison group. The psychological status of the observed was assessed using Dembo-Rubinstein self-evaluation method, modified «Human Figure» method, and Varga-Stolin parental relationship test. Results. The study involved 75 children (mean age 8.2 ± 0.6 years, including girls 59%, illness duration 3.2 ± 0.5 years) and their parents (mothers made 79% of them). The comparison group consisted of 54 conditionally healthy children (mean age 8.4 ± 0.3, girls 54%) and their parents (mothers — 85%, fathers — 15%). It is shown that the lifestyle of primary schoolchildren changed due to illness distorts the process of personality development and leads to the emergence of difficulties in the emotional and personality sphere: a reduced background of mood (35; 46.6% versus 11; 20%), blockage of experiences and difficulties in their verbalization (56; 75% versus 25; 46%), defensive-aggressive type of behavior in a stress situation (68; 91% versus 25; 46%), pronounced intrapersonal conflict (47; 62% versus 32; 59%), and communication problems (unsociability, restriction in communication, social fears). Conclusion. Bronchial asthma changes the child's lifestyle, has a negative impact on the psychological state and personality becoming. It is possible to prevent the emergence of negative social consequences of the disease, to smooth out their severity by providing psychological and pedagogical assistance to a child and his family from the time the disease is detected and throughout all treatment stages. The creation and implementation of psychological support programs for families raising children with bronchial asthma at various treatment stages are extremely important and represent a further research direction.

The article presents the detailed key provisions of the clinical recommendations on providing medical care to children with Kawasaki syndrome/illness, developed by the professional association of pediatric specialists — the Union of Pediatricians of Russia. The current data on the prevalence of pathology is presented, the characteristic diagnostic signs of the disease are given that allow to make a diagnosis as soon as possible and immediately appoint a specific treatment. Therapeutic measures carried out in the required volume determine the further prognosis. The comprehensive approach to the management of pediatric patients with this nosology presented in the article will ensure a high level of medical care quality provided to children with Kawasaki syndrome.

The article is devoted to acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) in children. ARVI take one of the leading places in a childhood morbidity structure. The article provides an overview of the clinical guidelines developed and approved by the professional association «Union of Pediatricians of Russia» for acute respiratory infections in children. These guidelines summarize the experience of the leading world and domestic specialists, contain scientific and practical data that correspond to the most relevant trends in the management of children with this pathology. The authors present modern information on the etiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical findings and differential diagnosis of various nosological forms of acute respiratory tract infections in the pediatric population. The general (strategic) principles of drug-free and drug treatment are discussed in detail.

Cystic fibrosis is a multi-organ genetic disease that reduces life expectancy and requires costly complex therapy. The economic burden of cystic fibrosis is determined by the cost of treatment, the conditions for optimizing medical technologies based on epidemiological knowledge of the disease course nature and the therapy effectiveness. In many countries cystic fibrosis patient registries have been created that allow to assess the quality, efficiency and optimality of medical care. Registries are formed at the regional, national, and international levels, which facilitates the collection of complete and reliable patient information for subsequent analysis, comparison and synthesis of clinical and epidemiological indicators. The review is devoted to the actual principles of organization of domestic and some foreign cystic fibrosis patient registries. The article selectively provides examples of information from registries. The application of positive experience of the work of foreign registries in Russia can improve the quality of medical care for patients with cystic fibrosis.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of potentially teratogenic drug utilization by pregnant women: overall and in the periconceptional period. Methods: The electronic database PubMed/Medline was searched for the following keywords: «pharmacoepidemiology», «pregnancy», «drug use», «safety», «pregnancy risk category», «fetal risk», «teratogen». The systematic analysis included 28 studies published in English from January 2006 to 23 December 2015. Results. The review shows that the study designs and the choices for data analysis and presentation of results differ largely across published studies. In the USA and Canada, measured rates of maternal use of contraindicated drugs (FDA category X) during pregnancy ranged from 2.4% to 5.3% (1.1–5.0% in the first trimester).The use of drugs with positive evidence of risk (FDA category D) ranged from 5.8% to 39.6% (2.7–6.0%). In European countries, proportions of women using drugs of risk categories X and D ranged from 1.0% to 4.9% (0.31–3.2%) and from 2.0% to 5.9% (1.6–3.7%), respectively. In developing countries, respective proportions of women ranged within 0.2–2.1% and 1.9–11.4%. In early pregnancy (the first trimester), the proportion of women taking potentially teratogenic drugs was high if compared with the second and third trimesters. The use of contraindicated drugs during pregnancy fastly decreases compared with the period before conception. Although the reduction of use of drugs with positive evidence of risk is less marked, possibly, with relation of their efficacy for the treatment of chronic conditions. On the base of analyzed studies, the reference list of potentially teratogenic drugs was formed. Conclusion. The results of published literature confirm differences in study methods that make it difficult to compare the application of potentially teratogenic drugs in pregnancy. The fundamental challenge remains an insufficiency or lack of available information on the evidence of risk to fetus cuased by the drugs that are most widely used in pregnancy.

The article presents the first results of the pilot observation program «The All-Russian Severe Asthma Patient Registry» which was started in Moscow. Objectives. The objective of this initiative is the accumulation of clinical data on patients with severe bronchial asthma in the Russian Federation. Methods. The chosen method was a registry, the rights holders of which were 3 professional associations — Interregional Public Organization «Russian Respiratory Society», Public Organization «Union of Pediatricians of Russia», All-Russian Public Organization «Association of Allergologists and Clinical Immunologists». Results. The results of the pilot project are presented by the data analysis of electronic case report forms of 36 children (totally, the project included 100 patients, 64 adults and 36 children) enrolled in the program from June to December 2016. Using the registry, a detailed analysis of the clinical characteristics of a group of children with severe atopic bronchial asthma was carried out, the results of a pharmacoepidemiological evaluation of therapy were given. Obtained by the researchers, a high frequency of the assignment of a genetically engineered biologic drug of omalizumab meets the international recommendations but does not reflect the all-Russian reality and can be explained by inclusion in the registry of pediatric patients observed only in the Federal State Autonomous Institution «National Scientific and Practical Center of Children’s Health» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. To determine true indicators that characterize bronchial asthma in children in the Russian Federation it is necessary, undoubtedly, to expand the geography of project participants.

Preventive care of children and adolescents is a cornerstone of pediatrics and is provided by the healthcare systems of most European countries.