The new drugs introduction in practice demands long multistage preliminary studying of efficacy and safety for children. The information on necessity of carrying out of such researches, on impossibility of «carrying over» of the data received in adult patients to children is given in this article. The historical inquiry confirming necessity of participation of the state for the decision of this problem and carrying out of clinical researches is presented.
Key words: drugs, efficacy, safety, clinical trials, children.

(Pediatric Pharmacology. – 2010; 7(1):6-14)

Patients with periodical disease (PD) are found frequently enough in specific ethnic groups. The relevance of this topic, however, is also driven by an early debut of pathology and in most cases by a serious prognosis for the patient’s life in the event of late disease detection and treatment. It is not uncommon that diagnostic errors may result in unjustified operational intervention.
Key words: periodical disease, children.

(Pediatric Pharmacology. – 2010; 7(1):85-87)

In a surgeon’s practice, complicated intra-abdominal infections (CII) are one of the most frequent nosological entities. E. Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp. are considered to be leading activators of out-of-hospital CII. For the first time in a Russian economic environment the authors, using mathematical modeling methods, have conducted a clinical and economic research of the new carbapenem, ertapenem, for monotherapy of complicated intra-abdominal infections. They have calculated the total cost, including the cost of CII treatment subject to indicators such as efficiency of treatment and infection-related probability of death (attributive lethality). Results of the «susceptible-infected-susceptible» model were used to assess the impact of acquired bacterial resistance on the efficacy of treating complicated intra-abdominal infections. As a result it was found that in the case of out-of-hospital complicated intraabdominal infections, it is more advisable from the clinical and economic standpoint to start treatment with ertapenem; less advisable is to start with the combination of ceftriaxone and metronidazole or the combination of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole.
Key words: clinical and economic analysis, ertapenem, complicated intra-abdominal infections, resistance.

(Pediatric Pharmacology. – 2010; 7(1):29-40)

It is known that asthma and its treatment could have negative impact on the bone tissue in adults. In childhood, bone is most sensitive to the influence of adverse factors. In the study 105 children with asthma and 700 healthy children were examined by bone ultrasonometry to reveal the relation of asthma and the treatment of inhaled glucocorticosteroids on bone density. The results of this study are demonstrated that the therapy with inhaled glucocorticosteroids have no adverse effects on the bone density. The reductions of bone density in children with asthma in some age groups are not associated with the severity of illness, age and therapy with inhaled glucocorticosteroids. Reduction of bone density is due to a way of life of children, the level of physical activity and consumption of dairy products.
Key words: bone density, asthma, inhaled glucocorticosteroids, bone ultrasonometer, children.

(Pediatric Pharmacology. – 2010; 7(1):42-47)

Search for and practical application of new medications to treat of osteoporosis is one of the critical issues in pediatric rheumatology. The article reviews the efficacy and safety of alendronic acid in 64 subjects with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and systemic osteoporosis. It is demonstrated that alendronate-based therapy in weekly 1 mg/kg doses over 12 months facilitated reliably increased bonedensity, decreased intensity of pain syndrome, and lowered C-terminal telopeptide serum concentration, which indicates improved bone metabolism processes.
Key words: juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, children, treatment, bisphosphonates, alendronic acid.

(Pediatric Pharmacology. – 2010; 7(1):48-54)

The Article is focused on the pressing issue, i.e. the therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases. It reviews in detail the aspects of using monoclonal antibodies to the tumor necrosis factor in the case of Crohn’s disease and unspecific ulcerative colitis. The article describes the results of the authors’ observations and provides data obtained by foreign researchers.
Key words: ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, treatment, Infliximab, antibodies to the tumor necrosis factor, children.

(Pediatric Pharmacology. – 2010; 7(1):55-61)

Selection of the most effective and safest high-active antiretroviral therapies is a critical issue faced by modern HIV medicine. Authors studied 28 children with HIV infection aged from 3 to 7 divided into two groups administered a combination of two HIV reverse transcriptase nucleoside inhibitors with viral protease nelfinavir inhibitors (n = 13) and lopinavir/ritonavir (n = 15). The subjects in both groups demonstrated a decreased frequency of HIV-associated symptoms and opportunistic infections, positive dynamics of immunological indicators, suppression of HIV replication. When lopinavir/ritonavir was administered, there was more even better dynamics in clinical, immunological and virologic parameters, which allows this medication to be recommended as a antiretroviral therapy for children.
Key words: HIV infection, lopinavir/ritonavir, nelfinavir, children.

(Pediatric Pharmacology. – 2010; 7(1):62-67)

The article describes in detail the therapy for bronchial asthma with combined preparations. The key advantage of combining longacting inhalant corticosteroids and β2-agonists in one inhalant is the simultaneous delivery of effective inhalant preparations to the lungs. Such approach increases the commitment of patients to the prescribed therapy thus making it easier to achieve compliance.
Key words: bronchial asthma, control, combined preparations.

(Pediatric Pharmacology. – 2010; 7(1):68-71)

The analysis of hemorheological indications at 35 children with II stage of Perthes disease in early school age was made in this paper. The correction methods of hemorheological disorders in case of Perthes disease and way of modern adequate medicament treatment that make the prognosis of disease more predictable and controllable were presented in this work.
Key words: Perthes disease, hemostasis, dopplerography, treatment, children.

(Pediatric Pharmacology. – 2010; 7(1):72-75)

The article is devoted to the differentiation of allergic diseases and celiac in children. It covers in detail the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of immune inflammation in celiac disease, clinical picture with the main and additional symptoms and markers of this pathology. In the article the author shares data of her own experience and provides the own diagnostic algorithm.
Key words: allergic pathology, celiac disease, children.

(Pediatric Pharmacology. – 2010; 7(1):76-80)

Currently the issue of the right selection and justified use of medications is an especially critical one. A variety of medications in many aspects causes the major issue of incorrect prescription of drugs. The article gives criteria for the rational pharmacotherapy as showcased by vitamin-mineral complexes and makes specific recommendations on the use of that group of preparations.
Key words: vitamin-mineral complexes, rational pharmacotherapy, pediatrics.

(Pediatric Pharmacology. – 2010; 7(1):81-84)

The article is focused on the issue of fetus drug safety. Development of a child’s health depends both on hereditary information and environment factors. The reason for deviation from the process of normal prenatal development could be any xenobiotics, physical factors and some medications having a pathogenic effect during pregnancy on the embryo and fetus. Due to that, the physician’s preventive work based on the knowledge of embryogenesis processes and critical development periods.
Key words: teratogenic action, medications, prenatal development, congenital malformation, newborns, children.

(Pediatric Pharmacology. – 2010; 7(1):25-28)

The article focuses on the issue of iodine-deficiency pathology. It provides historical background on this issue and reviews the progress made abroad in preventing iodine deficiency. It proposes specific steps to resolve the issue of iodine-deficient diseases in Russia.
Key words: iodine deficiency diseases, goiter, iodine deficiency, iodized salt.

(Pediatric Pharmacology. – 2010; 7(1):108-112)