The multicentered pharmacoepidemiological study «Rifagd» (prevalence and pharmacotherapy of arterial hypertension in children) in 13 cities of Russia was conducted with the purpose of analyzing of pediatricians' approach to the treatment of children's arterial hypertension, including drug choice. This allowed to estimate their experience, knowledge, as well as to direct the way to improvements of quality in medical treatment of patients with arterial hypertension. The majority of pediatricians (83,1%) encounter difficulties in hypertension treatment in connection with guidelines absence (37,3%), medical practice absence (30,4%) and «absence of indications for the application of antihypertensive drugs in pediatrics» (31,9%). for arterial hypertension treatment pediatricians use AgE-inhibitors, diuretics and beta blockers.
Key words: rifagd, arterial hypertension, pharmacoepidemiology, questioning of pediatricians, ace inhibitors, diuretics, beta blockers.

The object of the investigation was to estimate the basic therapy of atopic dermatitis (ad) in children and to analyze pimecrolimus application in clinical practice of children's allergologists immunologist. A multi centered retrospective study analysis involving 360 children aged 0–17 with atopic dermatitis of different severity was carried out. Insufficient effectiveness of implementation of main points of national program «atopic dermatitis and skin infections in children: diagnostics, treatment and prophylaxis» is determined. 37,4% cases of discrepancies in diagnoses by severity of atopic dermatitis in case of physician evaluation and on the scale of SCORAD, low level of control over blood pressure and high usage of systemic corticosteroids are registered. The application of pimecrolimus is revealed in 11,3% patients. It is essential to use more extensively the strategy of prolonged anti-inflammatory therapy of ad, including pimecrolimus use.
Key words: atopic dermatitis, pharmacotherapy, pimecrolimus, children, treatment.

The article presents the results of the treatment of children with acute lymphoblast leukemia (all) according to the coall 92 program in St.-Petersburg from 01.01.1999 to 01.01.2005. 160 primary all patients, aged 4 months to 17 years 4 months were included in the study. International criteria were used to diagnose acute lymphoblast leukemia. A 2 years course of treatment in both risk groups included a 5,5–8 months phase of intensive chemotherapy followed by maintenance therapy. 6 years after the protocol introduction in the common group of patients the following survival rate indices were obtained: the 6 years uneventful survival rate was 63 ± 4,6%, the 6 years relapses free survival rate was 69 ± 4,7%, the 6 years general survival rate was 79 ± 3,7%.

Key words: acute lymphoblast leukemia, children, intensive chemotherapy.

Open prospective randomized study in parallel groups was carried out to evaluate clinical (the amount of children who reached the control level by goal) and pathogenetic (the influence on the dynamics of the antiapoptotic eosinophil effectors expression) effectiveness of various pharma cotherapeutic modes in severe children's asthma. All patients (n = 60) underwent the evaluation of the expression of mRNA IL 5, bcl 2, bcl Xl against the backgrounds of the application of three modes of therapy (monotherapy by fluticasone propionate, combination of fluticasone propionate with sustained release theophyllines and fluticasone propionate with salmeterol). It has been found that usage of pharmacotherapeutic mode of fluticasone propionate with salmeterol by the end of the first month of treatment brings about the increase in the apoptotic activity of eosinophils, and by the end of the treatment period (24 weeks) — this criterion didn't differ from the control values. The usage of the combination of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol is the optimal pharmacotherapeutic mode for the treatment of severe asthmain children, as it ensures the achievement of the control over symptoms and is the most effective in the aspect of eosinophil apoptosis regulation, therefore results in slackening of inflammatory activity of the respiratory tract.
Key words: severe bronchial asthma, children, eosinophils, apoptosis, IL 5, bcl 2, bcl-Xl, fluticasone propionate, salmeterol, sustaine-release theophyllines, treatment.

In the article modern data on prevalence, diagnostic criteria and approaches to the treatment of irritable bowel in children are presented. The issues of the terminology and classification of recurrent abdominal pains in children are clarified, the basic pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease are indicated. Particular emphasis has been placed on the efficient therapy of the different clinical variants of irritable bowel syndrome. The role of modern spasmolytic drugs in the treatment of abdominal pain syndrome and the rational usage of laxatives in constipation in children is shown.
Key words: children, irritable bowel syndrome, diagnostics, treatment.

In the complex treatment of the inflammatory diseases of ENT-organs (rhinitis, sinusitis, tubootitis and otitis media) vasoconstrictors (topic decongestants) are locally applied. Besides, they're used in diagnosing of nasal cavity diseases. Topic decongestants are produced as nasal drops and nasal sprays. Peculiarities of application of pharmaceuticals in children are dependent on inherent properties, particularly the duration of effect. These drugs each have proper dosage conditions that should be followed carefully in pediatric practice. Moreover, the physician must choose the efficient way of vasoconstrictor introduction into nasal cavity.
Key words: edema, topic decongestants, ENT-organs diseases, rebound syndrome, children.

Cephalgia is the most frequent complaint in pediatric neurology. Proper diagnostics of underlying cause and, as a consequence, promt adequate treatment could prevent chephalgia chronicity and problems related to it, such as mood changes, reduced ability to work and study and personal development in school age children. One of the leading causes of pediatric cephalgia is cerebrovas cular disorders. Early diagnostics of vascular disorders is essential for adult disability prophylaxis. Nowadays the method of transcranial duplex scanning is used to assess cerebral blood flow giving data to assess blood vessel walls and cavity, surrounding tissues and cerebral hemodynamics as a whole. This method allows to differentiate the causes of cephalgia in children and to administer appropriate treatment in each case. Implementation of duplex scanning as a routine diagnostic procedure in paediatric centers could improve diagnostics and treatment of cephalgia in children.
Key words: cephalgia, transcranial duplex scanning, tran scranial dopperography, cerebrovascular disorders, children.

In the article the results of the usage of high-vitamin rosehip syrup with the aim of food enrichment  in children with allergic diseases, at the stage of sanatorium-and-spa treatment are presented. Good tolerance of this product is registered as well as the increase of haemoglobin concentration, serum iron rate, the sauration rate of transferrin with iron and the improvement  in supply with vitamin C in children who took syrup, as compared with control group. These findings allow to recommend high-vitamin rosehip syrup  as a strengthening supplement in the treatment of children who suffered from allergic diseases, as well as for the profilaxis of anemia and hypovitaminosis in this category of patients.
Key words: children, anemia, nutritional profilaxis, allergic diseases.

During the past 20 years advances in drug formulations and innovative routes of administration have been made. Our understanding of drug transport across tissues has increased. These changes have often resulted in improved patient adherence to the therapeutic regiment and pharmacologic response. The administration of drugs by transdermal or transmucosal routes offers the advantage of being relatively painless. Also, the potential for greater flexibility in a variety of clinical situations exists, often precluding the need to establish intravinus access which is a particular benefit for children. This statement focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of alternative routes of drug administration. Issues of particular importance in the care of pediatric patients especially factors that could lead to drug-relaxed toxicity or adverse responses are emphasized.
Key words: drug formulation, pharmacoKINETICS, pharmacodynamics, drug, children.

In the last years interest has been aroused to pharmacoeconomics — the economic evaluation of treatment effectiveness. The investigation objective was the study of clinical effectiveness and the cost expediency of the inclusion of some modern drugs and medical technologies in the complex therapy of cystic fibrosis (CF) in children for the last decade in moscow. 105 patients during the period from 1993 to 2004 were investigated. Within this span of time some drugs were included: substitutive micros pheric pancreatic enzymes (Kreon) — 1993, mucolytic agent dornase alfa (Pulmozyme) and antibiotic ceftazidime — 1998, antibiotics cefepime and meropenem — 2003. since 1998 patients began to receive planned domiciliary intravenous therapy by antibiotics. The introduction of new drugs and medical technics (intravenous antibacterial therapy at home) caused increase of life expectancy of patients with CF from 16 to 27,9 years. The annual cost of therapy was in 1993 — 1809.8, in 1998 — 4266.7, and in 2003 — 23830.8 US dollars. Severity, age of patients, and pseudomonas infection were the decisive factors in the treatment cost.
Key words: cystic fibrosis, pharmacoeconomics, therapy, life expectancy.