Background. Currently, mechanotherapy is widely used in the rehabilitation of mainly adult patients and adolescents. The possibilities of using this technique in children of early, preschool and primary school age are limited due to the minimal presence of specialized devices.

The aim of the study is the assessment of the effectiveness of a comprehensive rehabilitation program with the inclusion of a HandTutor hand simulator and stabilometrical postural control using the biofeedback method in preschool and primary school age children suffering from infantile cerebral palsy (ICP).

Materials and methods. 40 children aged 3 to 7 years with motor disorders with a diagnosis of ICP were under observation. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated using scales and hardware measurement data (HandTutor, “Amblyotron”).

Results. According to goniometric changes and data on the Ashworth scale, after rehabilitation, patients demonstrate a greater range of movements than before treatment (p < 0.05). The indicators of the area of the pressure center and its fluctuations have significantly improved in the form of improved stability (p £ 0.01), the pattern of vertical posture, walking and postural control in general.

Conclusion. After treatment, patients showed a marked decrease in the degree of muscle spasticity of the affected limb, an increase in muscle strength, an improvement in fine and large hand motor skills, and manual skills. Thus, the results of the study demonstrate the high effectiveness of biomechanical methods of influence, namely HandTutor and “Amblyotron”, on the motor sphere of patients with severe motor disorders.

Skin syndrome is common in the practice of allergologist-immunologist, and it requires differential diagnosis. One of the rare skin diseases among children is mastocytosis caused by excessive accumulation of mast cells in various organs. Cutaneous Mastocytosis is the most common form in children. The disease onset may occur at any age. The pathognomonic symptom of mastocytosis is positive Darier sign. The presented clinical case demonstrates typical picture of cutaneous mastocytosis.

Background. Inefficacy of conventional chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) treatments significantly reduces patients’ quality of life. Data on CSU (triggered by new coronavirus infection) prevalence and course in children is very limited.

Clinical case description. Authors have presented three clinical cases of CSU onset after the new coronavirus infection. Clinical features of disease and targeted therapy efficacy were evaluated.

Conclusion. The course of CSU, potentially triggered by SARS-CoV-2, has its own features, and requires larger research with the study of clinical and laboratory aspects, as well as the immunological mechanisms underlying the disease, with revealing biomarkers indicating disease severity, course, and prognosis.

Background. Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is an extremely rare genetically determined syndrome associated with the formation of bone marrow depression and clinically manifested by abnormal pigmentation of the skin, onychodystrophy, cobble-stone tongue, damage to the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, etc. Pathology may occur under the guise of other, more common diseases, which leads to late verification of the diagnosis and affects the prognosis.

Case report. The boy D., aged 7 years, was hospitalized with complaints of dysphagia, a change in the shape of nails, ulcerative lesions of the tongue, insufficient weight gain, thin stool. Laboratory: decrease in hemoglobin, pancytopenia, low concentration of IgG in blood serum. According to esophagogastroduodenoscopy— esophageal stenosis. Crohn’s disease was suspected, but the condition worsened against the background of anti-TNF therapy. According to the results of full-exome sequencing, a pathogenic variant c.1058C>T (chrX:154001427C>T; NM_001363.3; p.A353V) was detected in the DKC1 gene in a hemizygous state, on the basis of which DC was confirmed.

Conclusion. Practitioners should be wary of DC, since its manifestations can often mimic other, more common pathological conditions, in particular inflammatory bowel diseases. The correct interpretation of the combination of clinical, laboratory and instrumental changes can help to get closer to the correct diagnosis even before receiving the results of a molecular genetic study and determine therapeutic tactics.

Childhood obesity can be persisted into adulthood with a significant degree of probability. The origins of childhood obesity are multifaceted and continue to be intensively studied. Its massive spread over the past decades is primarily due to a violation of the balance between incoming and outgoing energy. The combination of genetic and epigenetic factors that can influence the formation of obesity is an interesting and developing area of research. A systematic review of the literature for 2013–2023 was conducted using eLibrary and PubMed. It has been found that the increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity in recent decades is associated with changes in human lifestyle, which lead to epigenetic changes in the genome. Decoding the interaction of genes with the environment, along with an individual genotype, will allow personalized prediction of obesity associated with a specific genome, epigenome and lifestyle, and the development of targeted preventive measures starting from the antenatal age.

Rotavirus is recognized as one of the worid’s most common pathogens of acute gastroenteritis among children (up to 5 years of age) and has significant impact on chiidhood morbidity and mortality. The recommended by WHO routine vaccination of infants against rotavirus infection has led to notable reduction in incidence, hospitalization and costs associated with rotavirus infection outcomes in countries that have achieved high vaccination coverage. However, we should be aware of several features of rotavirus vaccines implementation as their safety and efficacy depend on it. Despite the absence of rotavirus vaccination within the National Immunization Schedule in Russian Federation and extremely low coverage of rotavirus preventive vaccination, the authors receive many questions from practicing pediatricians regarding cases of rotavirus vaccination. This article includes complete answers for most relevant of them that arise during practical use of rotavirus vaccines.

Dupilumab is a genetically engineered immunobiological drug that has been increasingly used in recent years to treat bronchial asthma (BA), atopic dermatitis (AD) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) in children. The aim of the study is to analyze current literature data on the use of dupilumab in the treatment of BA, AD and EE in children. Despite the short history of dupilumab use in the pediatric population, its usage has shown promising results in the treatment of many conditions whose pathogenesis is T2 inflammation, primarily BA, AD and EE. It has demonstrated efficacy in patients with various clinical manifestations characterized by moderate to severe course or refractory to treatment, and has led to an improvement in the quality of life of patients. With the expansion of the use of dupilumab, there is more and more evidence of its usefulness in the treatment of other T-cell-mediated diseases.

Management of ulcerative colitis remains challenging. The search of new treatment approaches for this disease is constantly continuing. In recent years, the focus was changed to curcumin, active polyphenol found in turmeric roots, that has numerous positive effects on the human body such as anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and antioxidant features. Curcumin affects several signaling cellular pathways and gut microbiota content. This review summarizes modern data on the curcumin potential use in ulcerative colitis management.

This review examines modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in children, one of the most common functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. IBS is characterized by chronic abdominal pain, intestinal motility disorders and stool changes, which significantly reduces the quality of life of patients. The article analyzes in detail the pathogenetic mechanisms of IBS, including the role of the gut–brain axis, gut microbiota and neuroendocrine factors. Special attention is paid to the pharmacotherapy of IBS in children, including the use of antidepressants, probiotics and herbal components, as well as the role of correctors of the motor activity of the digestive tract in relieving symptoms. Modern recommendations on the use of various classes of antidepressants are considered, taking into account their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics. The prospects of using probiotics and herbal preparations in the complex therapy of IBS are also analyzed. The data obtained confirm the need for a personalized approach to the treatment of IBS, taking into account the genetic and physiological characteristics of patients.

This article presents data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, modern classification and the main clinical manifestations of Gaucher disease in children. The criteria for differential diagnosis with other diseases are given. It has been shown that the only effective method of treating Gaucher disease is pathogenetic enzyme replacement therapy, which relieves the main clinical manifestations of the disease, improving the quality of life of patients and without having pronounced side effects. The main errors of diagnosis and management of patients, as well as unjustified prescriptions for the treatment of this disease, are indicated.