Vol 8, No 1 (2011)
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AN EDITORIAL ARTICLE
VACCINATION
6-10 459
Abstract
There has been a high prevalence of Hepatitis B to date. Hepatitis B virus contamination is a critical medical and social issue related to contact with hepatitis patient’s blood. Contamination may occur through hepatitis mothers at birth, donor blood, medical tools, as well as injection of narcotics by children and adolescents. The only method to fight the disease is a wide population vaccination against the hepatitis B.
Key words: immunoprophylaxis, virus, hepatitis B.
Key words: immunoprophylaxis, virus, hepatitis B.
12-16 464
Abstract
Influenza and other ARVIs in children are frequently complicated by pneumonia, which significantly exacerbates the diseases prognosis. At a flu children younger 5 years and children with related health conditions are at the highest risk of severe pneumonia. In the WHO’s opinion, the best way of preventing, among others, pneumococcal infection, is vaccination. The article presents the groups of children most susceptible to pneumococcal infection, identifies the optimum vaccination timing, as well as vaccines that are used to prevent this infection.
Key words: influenza, ARVI, pneumococcal infection, pneumonia, vaccination, children.
Key words: influenza, ARVI, pneumococcal infection, pneumonia, vaccination, children.
17-21 470
Abstract
The article details the issue of malignancy caused by human papilloma virus (HPV), as well as characteristics of this virus. Its genetic stability allows for efficient prevention of this pathology through vaccination. 2 vaccines, which are approved by the FDA end EMEA for use and are registered in Russia, have been created and are successfully used for this purpose. The authors believe that the best results may be achieved by combining screening examination programmes with universal reasonable administration of scheduled voluntary vaccination of Russia’s population.
Key words: human papilloma virus, HPV infection, cervical cancer, malignancies, prevention, vaccination.
Key words: human papilloma virus, HPV infection, cervical cancer, malignancies, prevention, vaccination.
EMERGENCY CONDITIONS IN CHILDREN
23-29 963
Abstract
Dehydration is one of the leading causes of mortality in children. The most frequent cause of dehydration in children is diarrhea syndrome. Timely differential diagnostics of etiological causes, assessment of severity, dehydration type are critical conditions of successful therapy of diarrhea syndrome. The article provides modern recommendations on diagnostics and treatment of dehydration depending on the type and severity, on correction of electrolyte abnormalities. The authors also highlight etiological and symptomatic therapy for diarrhea syndrome in children.
Key words: diarrhea, dehydration, causes, hyponatremia, hypernatremia, rehydration, children.
Key words: diarrhea, dehydration, causes, hyponatremia, hypernatremia, rehydration, children.
REVIEW
30-38 1624
Abstract
Part I of the literature review provides modern terminology and classification of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), which is now considered different ways of treating the single pathological process induced in children by infections, drugs, malignant and autoimmune diseases. It illustrates in detail the latest data on pathogenesis, describes clinical manifestations of both scenarios and their transition forms. Special emphasis is made on the organisation of care for patients with SJS and TEN. It details various aspects of systemic therapy.
Key words: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, systemic treatment, children.
Key words: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, systemic treatment, children.
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
40-44 443
Abstract
The article reviews the adequate selection of basic therapy for medium-severity asthma in children, analyses existing practical approaches and provides results of research to optimise the pattern of prescribing combined preparations, presents a developed objective clinical and functional adequacy criterion of combined therapy and parameters to put the patient on inflammatory mono-therapy through monitoring of bronchial obstruction reversal.
Key words: asthma, treatment, children.
Key words: asthma, treatment, children.
V.A. Goryainov,
M.M. Kaabak,
N.N. Babenko,
A.K. Zokoev,
E.A. Molchanova,
L.A. Shishlo,
M.M. Morozova
46-50 506
Abstract
The article provides results of in-house research to assess the impact of induction immunosuppression using antithymocyte globulin (ATG) on the clinical course of post-transplantation period after kidney transplantation. The authors analysed 260 allotransplantations of cadaver kidneys (215 children). In some children (n = 25) the medicine was used for induction therapy, in some (n = 10) to suppress steroid-resistant rejection. Patients in the control group (n = 189) were not administered ATG. The highest actuarial survival rate (both transplants and patients) was recorded in the group of children where ATG was used for induction therapy, rather than just for treatment of rejection.
Key words: induction therapy, allotransplantation of kidney, antithymocyte globulin, survival rate, children.
Key words: induction therapy, allotransplantation of kidney, antithymocyte globulin, survival rate, children.
51-60 480
Abstract
Two new topical immunomodulators, pimecrolimus cream and tacrolimus ointment for atopic dermatitis (AD) in pediatric patients, have provided alternatives to topical corticosteroids without the associated adverse events. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus ointment and pimecrolimus cream for the treatment of AD in pediatric patients. MEDLINE, Embase, the CNKI and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to December 2008. Additional data sources were manual searches of abstract proceedings and personal contact with investigators and pharmaceutical companies. Two investigators assessed the quality of trials with unified tables independently. Disagreements on validity assessment were resolved through discussion or consultation with the third author. Quality analysis of methodology was evaluated according to the Jadad scale, including randomization, blinding and patients’ discontinuation. Twenty trials involving 6288 infants and children with AD met the inclusion criteria. More patients using tacrolimus had a good response than those in control groups including vehicle, 1% hydrocortisone acetate and 1% pimecrolimus, the corresponding OR were (4.56; 95%CI: 2.80 to 7.44), (3.92; 95% CI: 2.96 to 5.20) and (1.58; 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.12). The effect difference between 0.03% tacrolimus and 0.1% tacrolimus ointments was not statistically significant (OR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.55 to 1.48). The incidence of adverse events of tacrolimus ointment or pimecrolimus cream was similar to the vehicle. The major adverse events were burning and pruritus. Both tacrolimus ointment and pimecrolimus cream are safe and effective in the treatment of AD in pediatric patients. Tacrolimus ointments were superior to pimecrolimus cream.
Key words: atopic dermatitis, children, meta-analysis, pimecrolimus, tacrolimus.
Key words: atopic dermatitis, children, meta-analysis, pimecrolimus, tacrolimus.
62-70 17314
Abstract
Two new topical immunomodulators, pimecrolimus cream and tacrolimus ointment for atopic dermatitis (AD) in pediatric patients, have provided alternatives to topical corticosteroids without the associated adverse events. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus ointment and pimecrolimus cream for the treatment of AD in pediatric patients. MEDLINE, Embase, the CNKI and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to December 2008. Additional data sources were manual searches of abstract proceedings and personal contact with investigators and pharmaceutical companies. Two investigators assessed the quality of trials with unified tables independently. Disagreements on validity assessment were resolved through discussion or consultation with the third author. Quality analysis of methodology was evaluated according to the Jadad scale, including randomization, blinding and patients’ discontinuation. Twenty trials involving 6288 infants and children with AD met the inclusion criteria. More patients using tacrolimus had a good response than those in control groups including vehicle, 1% hydrocortisone acetate and 1% pimecrolimus, the corresponding OR were (4.56; 95%CI: 2.80 to 7.44), (3.92; 95% CI: 2.96 to 5.20) and (1.58; 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.12). The effect difference between 0.03% tacrolimus and 0.1% tacrolimus ointments was not statistically significant (OR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.55 to 1.48). The incidence of adverse events of tacrolimus ointment or pimecrolimus cream was similar to the vehicle. The major adverse events were burning and pruritus. Both tacrolimus ointment and pimecrolimus cream are safe and effective in the treatment of AD in pediatric patients. Tacrolimus ointments were superior to pimecrolimus cream.
URGENT ISSUES OF A TREATMENT OF EAR, NOSE, THROAT DISEASES
Yu.L. Soldatskiy,
E.K. Onufrieva,
E.K. Isaeva,
S.F. Gasparyan,
I.E. Pogosova,
A.M. Steklov,
N.V. Shchepin
72-76 541
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases of the oropharynx manifested with pain or discomfort in the throat, is a frequent pathology in children. Traditionally, patients with acute and exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis and pharyngitis are prescribed gargarism. In recent years, the use of sea water-based throat sprays have been allowed for irrigation therapy. Their use as part of the complex treatment of inflammatory oropharynx diseases statistically reliably decreases the intensity of pain reaction on the 10th–24th day of treatment compared to conventional gargarism and is comparable with conventional therapy when assessing other clinical symptoms. It is therefore possible to recommend using sea water-based substance as a initial means of irrigation therapy in the complex treatment of inflammatory oropharynx diseases in children.
Key words: pharyngitis, tonsillitis, throat pain, irrigation therapy, children.
Key words: pharyngitis, tonsillitis, throat pain, irrigation therapy, children.
78-82 6080
Abstract
Congenital laryngeal stridor is known as a separate disorder for 1,5 centuries. Its diagnostics presents difficulties because of its absense (over prevalence of mild cases) or very expensive and hard-to-reach diagnostic methods. This article represents the results of investigation and treatment of 369 patients with congenital noisy breathing. High frequency in population is revealed (4% totally and more than 40% of all cases of congenital stridor). We offer some new approaches (clinical, lab, X-ray and morphologic) and modified design of diagnostics that appears to be available, inexpensive and effective.
Key words: congenital stridor, laryngomalacia, diagnostics, treatment, children.
Key words: congenital stridor, laryngomalacia, diagnostics, treatment, children.
For Pediatricians' Practice
101-104 649
Abstract
The most important biochemical processes in human organism are carried out with vitamins and microelements involved. Acting as biological catalysts, vitamins have an impact on metabolism and provide protection against unfavourable environmental factors. The key source of vitamins and microelements for a person is food. The content of vitamins in a diet varies and depends on a range of various reasons. However, now the diet may not fully meet vitamin and microelement requirements. The result of this is widespread prevalence of sub-clinical deficiency of vitamins and microelements. Patients from one of the risk groups, children with atopy, are especially susceptible to this condition. Hypoallergenic diet prescribed as part of the therapeutic measures, is often the cause of imbalanced and irrational nutrition. Modern vitamin complexes may solve the issue of subnormal supply of vitamins and apparent hypovitaminosis in children with allergic diseases.
Key words: polyvitamin complexes, atopy, allergic diseases, subnormal supply of vitamins, children.
Key words: polyvitamin complexes, atopy, allergic diseases, subnormal supply of vitamins, children.
105-107 443
Abstract
Authors consider the possibilities of using phytomedicine Persen in child neurology and in various fields of pediatrics. Publications from medical periodic press dating from 2000-s and associated with problems of Persen application are cited.
Key words: psychosomatic disorders, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, Persen, infants, children, adolescents.
Key words: psychosomatic disorders, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, Persen, infants, children, adolescents.
108-111 2174
Abstract
173 children with hereditary hydronephrosis aged 2 months to 15 years (128 boys and 45 girls) were observed. Out of 123 patients who had reconstruction-plastic surgeries on the pelvis-ureter segment (PUS), the control examination of 115 patients (90 boys, 25 girls) was conducted in the follow-up period at 6 months to 16 years. Conducted were colour Doppler imagining of kidney vessels, impulsewave Doppler sonography of ureters and cystic emissions, morphological research of PUS and biopsy samples of the affected kidney. To determine the preservation of kidney parenchyma and monitor its growth and development in the post-operation period, the use of the above methods of diagnostics to prognosticate the course and outcome of hereditary hydronephrosis is viable.
Key words: hereditary hydronephrosis, pelvis-ureter segment, vesicoureteral reflux, diagnostics, treatment, outcome, prognosis, monitoring, treatment efficacy, children.
Key words: hereditary hydronephrosis, pelvis-ureter segment, vesicoureteral reflux, diagnostics, treatment, outcome, prognosis, monitoring, treatment efficacy, children.
112-115 404
Abstract
Chronic pathology of the gastrointestinal tract is frequently accompanied with microbiocenosis of intestines, which results in the deficiency of local and systemic protection mechanisms. This article illustrates a case study to examine the impact of a symbiotic complex on clinical manifestations, as well as characteristics of systemic endotoxinemia and antiendotoxical immunity of children with chronic gastroduodenitis. The article demonstrates that inclusion of a synbiotic containing Lactobacillus GG (LGG), Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, inulin, into the conventional therapy for children with chronic gastroduodenitis resulted to an earlier end of abdominal pain, dyspepsia syndrome, cystic symptoms and was accompanied with an increased level of IgA, IgM-antiendotoxin antibodies.
Key words: antiendotoxin antibodies, children, endotoxin, intestinal dysbacteriosis, synbiotic.
Key words: antiendotoxin antibodies, children, endotoxin, intestinal dysbacteriosis, synbiotic.
116-119 443
Abstract
In hydronephrosis, dysplasia of connective tissue results in hemostatic system disorders manifesting themselves as hemorrhagic mesenchimal dysplasia. The article analyses the coagulograms of 63 children with renal hydronephrosis in pre-school age. The work reviews the methods of diagnosing hemostatic disorders in moderate and severe dysplasia of renal parenchyma and ways of modern adequate drug therapy for these conditions. This method makes a prognosis of the disease more predictable and manageable.
Key words: hydronephrosis, dysplasia, kidneys, children.
Key words: hydronephrosis, dysplasia, kidneys, children.
FROM THE UNION OF PEDIATRICIANS OF RUSSIA
Materials (WHO, EPA/UNESPA, IPA)
DEBATABLE ISSUES OF PHARMACOTHERAPY
84-89 2730
Abstract
The article focuses on issues related to the selection of drugs in infection processes during pregnancy. To eliminate fetal risk or mitigate it a rational selection of drugs and their optimal dosage are required. It provides key groups of antimicrobial drugs ranked by their safety for the fetus under US FDA classification. To select treatment courses using antibacterial drugs that are safe to pregnant women, the attending physician should have reliable and up-to-date information on fetal risk posed by their application. Despite the existence of many various antibiotics, growth of sustainable bacterial flora requires the development and introduction of new antimicrobial drugs.
Key words: drugs, antimicrobial substances, antibiotics, pregnancy, embryo, fetus, fetal risk.
Key words: drugs, antimicrobial substances, antibiotics, pregnancy, embryo, fetus, fetal risk.
90-100 503
Abstract
Data on the prevalence use of herbal remedies during pregnancy were obtained from systematic review of 25 epidemiological studies. The widespread use of herbal drugs during pregnancy indicates an increased need for documentation about its safety in pregnancy. It is necessary for healthcare personnel to discuss the use of herbal drugs with their pregnant patients. In addition, the prevalence of concomitant herbal medicines and prescribed medications use during pregnancy, and the most frequent adverse interactions suggest monitoring of reproductively safety and management risks of pharmacotherapy at obstetrics practice.
Key words: herbal medicines, pregnancy, safety, review.
Key words: herbal medicines, pregnancy, safety, review.
ISSN 1727-5776 (Print)
ISSN 2500-3089 (Online)
ISSN 2500-3089 (Online)
