Vol 4, No 4 (2007)
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AN EDITORIAL ARTICLE
97-108 338
GENETICS IN PEDIATRICS
9-15 471
Abstract
To investigate the role of i/d polymorphism gene angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in promissing of renoprotective and immunosupressive therapy in children with nephrotic syndrome syndrome (NS) we determined the genotypes of ACE in 76 children with ns including 22 children with chronic renal failure (CRF). the analysis of treatment effect with inhibitor ace in patients with steroid resistant ns (SRNS) demonstrated decreasing of renoprotective effect of these drugs in patients with DD genotype compared with ii and id genotypes (р = 0,033) by similar degree of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), proteinuria and blood pressure decrease in these patients. Percentage of DD genotype in patients with ns refractory to therapy of cyclosporin a were height compared with patients, sensitive to this therapy.
Key words: nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal failure, polymorphism of genes, renin-angiotensin system.
Key words: nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal failure, polymorphism of genes, renin-angiotensin system.
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
16-19 1007
Abstract
The multicenter pharmacoepidemiological analytical research was carried on to study the selection of the antibacterial therapy for acute enteric infections among children. It turned out that antibacterial medications are unjustifiably often applied when treating children for acute enteric infections. When selecting a therapy, the doctors do not take into consideration the clinical semiology and severity of the clinical course. The selection of antibiotics witnesses the poor knowledge of the doctors in such areas as pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and safety profile of the antimicrobial medications.
Key words: acute enteric infections, children, selection of antibacterial medications.
Key words: acute enteric infections, children, selection of antibacterial medications.
20-25 587
Abstract
The researchers performed a comparative evaluation of the clinical and microbiological efficacy of the pneumo 23, ACT HIB and Grippol vaccine combination for the prevention of the recurrent respiratory diseases among children from the closed children's facilities if compared with mono immunization by Grippol. The open research included 60 children (average age was 3,33 ± 0,21 years) with recurrent respiratory diseases. Depending on the results of the microbiological examination, the children were divided into 2 groups. The 1st group consisted of 35 children with negative bacteriological result, while the 2nd group consisted of the haemophilus influenzae and pneumococcus carriers. The children from the 1st group were divided into 2 subgroups: the 1st subgroup included 13 children vaccinated with pneumo 23 and Grippol, 22 children from the 2nd subgroup were immunized with Grippol only. 15 patients from the 2nd group were immunized against flu, pneumococcus and hemophilic infections (1st subgroup); while the 2nd subgroup (n = 10) was composed of children vaccinated with Grippol only. The carrier level was evaluated in dynamics in 1 and 6 months accordingly. the number of the acute respiratory diseases, their structure, the number of antibiotic courses and disease duration — in 12 months, immune status — in 6 months after immunization. Within the general sample, the carrier level made up 36,7% with the prevailing capsular variant of h. influenzae b type. The share of h. influenzae b carriers reduced by 2,5 times to make up 6,7% after immunization with 3 vaccines. Children vaccinated with Grippol only showed no reliable differences with regards to the discharge of haemophilus influenzae before and after vaccination in the observation dynamics. Vaccination against flu contributed to reduction of pneumonia sickness rate by 3 times, pharyngitis sickness rate by 2 times, laryngotracheitis sickness rate by 2,3 times, while the total number of the acute respiratory diseases remained the same. Thus, they showed that vaccination with Grippol only may not be sufficient to reduce the frequency of recurrent episodes of the acute respiratory diseases among sickly children. bacteriologically positive children must be vaccinated with three vaccines, which leads to reduction of the total number of the acute respiratory diseases by 4,6 times and reduces rhino pharyngitis sick ness rate by 2 times, pharynxgitis sickness rate by 8 times, otitis sickness rate by 6 times, bronchitis sickness rate by 4,3 times and pneumonia sickness rate by 3 times. for children, who have negative results of the microbiological examination, vaccination with Grippol should be combined with pneumo 23, which reduces the total number of the acute respiratory diseases by 6,5 times, rhinopharyngitis sickness rate by 5 times, pharyngitis sickness rate by 8,7 times, otitis sickness rate by 7 times, bronchitis sickness rate by 5 times and pneumonia sickness rate by 7 times. Combined immunization (pneumo 23, ACT HIB and Grippol) to prevent recurrent respiratory diseases among preschool children is safe and has positive clinical and microbiological effects.
Key words: sickly children, closed specialized children's facilities, immunization.
Key words: sickly children, closed specialized children's facilities, immunization.
26-29 631
Abstract
The study of the enlarged thymus gland syndrome is extremely important for understanding of the immune system formation and functioning mechanisms. the purpose of this study is to conduct clinical and immunological analysis of the children, suffering from the syndrome of the enlarged thymus gland II and III degrees, who received recombinant alpha2b interferon (in suppositories). The revealed changes in the immune sys tem during timomegalia are complex and conducive to the development of the infectious and inflammatory diseases among infants, thus, determining the necessity for the adequate immune correction. The application of the recombinant alpha 2b interferon among such children allows one to uncover the immunomodulating effects, normalizing the imbalances in the immune system of children with timomegalia.
Key words: timomegalia, alpha 2b interferon, immunity, immune correction, children.
Key words: timomegalia, alpha 2b interferon, immunity, immune correction, children.
30-34 1443
Abstract
Outcomes of the studies of Picovit (KRKA, Slovenia) vitamin and mineral preparation series' efficiency in the prevention of hypo and avitaminoses in apparently healthy children and in children administered therapy and rehabilitation measures for reasons of chronic somatic pathology are described. Picovit polyvitamin and vitamin & mineral complexes have been specifically designed for children of various ages and contain all necessary vitamins and minerals in safe RDA approved quantities; they are manufactured under a special micro capsulation technology. It has been proved that Picovit series medications are highly efficient, safe, convenient for administration and use, and have high organoleptic characteristics which allows recommending them for an ample use in paediatrics.
Key words: vitamin prevention, vitamin therapy, polyvitamin complexes, Picovit series vitamin & mineral preparations.
Key words: vitamin prevention, vitamin therapy, polyvitamin complexes, Picovit series vitamin & mineral preparations.
PHARMACOECONOMICS IN PEDIATRICS
35-40 501
Abstract
In recent years clinical pharmacologists working in the field of pediatrics all across the world scrutinize the application issues of unlicensed medications among children. Based on the example of a group of patients consisting of 449 premature infants and with the aid of the pharma coepidemiological research, the authors showed the usage rate of unlicensed anti infectious medications in neonatology. The analysis embraced the 9 year long period of work of the largest neonatal center in northwest. As a result they uncovered that the anti infectious medications which were prescribed most often were aminoglycoside and cephalosporin antibiotics. The applied medications were referred to the unlicensed in neonatology in 21% of cases, and in 8% of cases they were used off label. Further more, it was noted that there was a general trend towards the considerable increase of application of the banned medications for the analyzed period.
Key words: very low birth infants, unlicensed drugs.
Key words: very low birth infants, unlicensed drugs.
REVIEW
OPPORTUNITIES FOR APPLICATION OF THE NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITORS IN TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF THE FLU
42-47 797
Abstract
Flu viruses cause yearly epidemics with the lesion of approximately 20% of population. during the increase of the flu sickness rate, it is necessary to take urgent anti epidemic and treatment steps aimed to reduce the spread of an infection as soon as possible and incorporating the application of the specific antiviral medications. The major aims for prescription of the specific antiviral medications in flu treatment are to reduce the duration and severity of the leading disease symptoms, risks of complications, as well as to prevent the lethal out comes. There were developed medications, effectively inhibiting the replication of B flu virus. At present, there are the 1st generation medications available — adamantane derivatives (amantadine and rimantadine) and the 2nd generation medications — neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir and zanamivir). The fast increase of the flu virus resistance towards adamantanes determine the necessity of a wider application of neuraminidase inhibitors, which are highly effective in respect flu viruses of A and B, as well as avian flu virus (h5n1).
Key words: neuraminidase inhibitors, adamantanes, oseltamivir, zanamivir, h3n2, h5n1.
Key words: neuraminidase inhibitors, adamantanes, oseltamivir, zanamivir, h3n2, h5n1.
LECTURE
54-57 555
Abstract
The article is dedicated to the urgent issue of the pediatrics — calcium deficit among children. The authors provide modern data on the scheme of the normal calcium exchange in the human body. They also review the main diseases related to the disorders of the pho sphorocalcic metabolism, requiring prompt prevention and treatment by calcium based medications. The researchers stress the diseases of the musculoskeletal system, as insufficient calcium, phosphorus and vitamins supply of the child's body chiefly effects the state of the skeletal and muscular tissue. They give recommendations how to use the vitamin and mineral complex to correct calcium deficit.
Key words: calcium deficit, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, vitamin and mineral complex, children.
Key words: calcium deficit, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, vitamin and mineral complex, children.
58-62 2667
Abstract
Occurrence of bronchial asthma is growing. The experts have proved its genetic and clinical heterogeneity. This is what also calls forth incomplete response to the conventional anti inflammatory medications. During asthma, dozens of various mediators take an active part in the pathogenesis of inflammation in the respiratory passages, including a set of c4, d4 and е4 leukotrienes, which causes contractions of the bronchi plain muscles. Among all the anti leukotriene medications ever studied for the sales in the Russian federation, the federal agencies approved of and registered zafirlukast and montelucast only. Montelucast is recommended in treatment for bronchial asthma of all the severity levels, as well as both as a medication to enhance the basic therapy and a medication for monotherapy, which is thanks to the data from a handful of multicentered, double, blind, placebo, controlled studies. The application of the peroral medications, montelucast in particular, may be a good alternative to the inhalant medications used among the patients with poor discipline and inhalation techniques (children, aged patients and etc.). When we speak of allergic rhinitis, montelucast application is essential to exclude polypragmasy, as well as for the initial asthma prevention.
Key words: bronchial asthma, children, treatment, anti leukotrienes.
Key words: bronchial asthma, children, treatment, anti leukotrienes.
63-71 3775
Abstract
Omalizumab, whose active basis is recombinant, human, monoclonal antibodies to Ige, gives a unique therapeutic field in treatment for allergies. The present medication constitutes neutralizing antibodies, connecting Ige even before any appearance of allergic symptoms. A few years ago, omalizumab has been approved in treatment for severe, persistent, atopic bronchial asthma among patients with poor control over its run. To day, omalizumab efficacy is studied in therapy for a number of other allergies thanks to its ability to suppress the Ige effect or function. The article highlights the modern experience of anti Ige antibodies application in treatment of adults and children, suffering from atopy.
Key words: omalizumab, anti_ige_antibodies, Igе, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergen specific immunotherapy, treatment, children.
Key words: omalizumab, anti_ige_antibodies, Igе, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergen specific immunotherapy, treatment, children.
72-75 482
Abstract
The article presents the results of the questionnaire survey carried on among schoolchildren of astrakhan' in compliance with the isaac (international study of asthma and allergy in childhood) program protocol — an international research of bronchial asthma and allergy among children on the basis of the standardized methods recommended and approved by WHO.
Key words: schoolchildren, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis
Key words: schoolchildren, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis
For Pediatricians' Practice
76-79 751
Abstract
The authors presented the study results of the physical and neuro psychic growth of children, who were born to drug addicted women. they studied the active state of the dehydrogenase peripheral blood lymphocytes, reflecting the metabolic disorder at the tissue level and body level in general, as well as the ways to correct them with metabolic therapy assisted by glycine and biotredin. They also analyzed the results of the complex therapy and rehabilitation of the children, who were born to drug addicted women.
Key words: drug embryopathy, metabolic therapy, children, rehabilitation.
Key words: drug embryopathy, metabolic therapy, children, rehabilitation.
80-83 412
Abstract
Contagiosum epitheliale is a wide spread dermatosis among younger and preteen children. The removal of elements is accompanied with the sensations of pain and conducive to the development of the adverse psychological and physiological responses of the child's body. In the present research the authors evaluated the efficacy of the local anaesthetic while removing elements of contagiosum epitheliale. The article presents etiology, clinical peculiarities, new methods of diagnostics and disease treatment.
Key words: contagiosum epitheliale, anesthesia, pain evaluation, children.
Key words: contagiosum epitheliale, anesthesia, pain evaluation, children.
84-87 425
Abstract
The article describes the rare form of crohn's disease acquired by a child with the localization in the pre pyloric stomach section and steno sing complications. Due to the development of the acute bowel obstruction, the girl underwent a surgery. taking into account her young age, hypotrophy, low activity of inflammation as well as the inability of the peroral administration of the anti inflammatory medications during the postoperative period, the girl was prescribed full enteral feeding with modulen IBD medical mixture for the patients suffering from the inflammatory intestinal diseases against which the doctors noted the positive clinical and laboratory dynamics.
Key words: crohn's disease, enteral feeding, children.
Key words: crohn's disease, enteral feeding, children.
88-91 471
Abstract
The complex evaluation of infants with perinatal lesions of central nervous system was carried out in reconstructive period. The first group (n = 33) consisted of infants sustained reanimation in maternity department. The second group (n = 21) were composed by infants sustained reanimation in maternity department including artificial pulmonary ventilation for more than twenty four hours. The third group (n = 25) was control and were formed from newborns with perinatal lesions of central nervous system which didn't require reanimation. The severe long term neurological outcomes in the first and the second groups were detected. The pathology of nervous system in these groups consisted of motor disorders and severe arrested development. Ventriculodilatation had widespread character in these groups.
Key words: reanimation, neurological outcomes, infants, motor disorders, ventriculodilatation.
Key words: reanimation, neurological outcomes, infants, motor disorders, ventriculodilatation.
92-96 592
Abstract
Results of research of anti-inflammatory action and complications of preparations ibuprofen, nimesulid, diclofenac sodium are submitted at treatment of children and the adolescent suffered from juvenile idiopathic arthritis during the sharp period of disease. Preparations render similar anti inflammatory effect at the given disease. However the least adverse effects are revealed at ibuprofen, that is very important at treatment of children with juvenile idiopathic of an arthritis.
Key words: juvenile idiopathic an arthritis, children and adolescent, not steroid anti inflammatory preparations, ibuprofen.
Key words: juvenile idiopathic an arthritis, children and adolescent, not steroid anti inflammatory preparations, ibuprofen.
FROM THE UNION OF PEDIATRICIANS OF RUSSIA
VACCINATION
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ISSN 1727-5776 (Print)
ISSN 2500-3089 (Online)
ISSN 2500-3089 (Online)
