HYPERNATREMIA IN CHILDREN. FOCUS ON THE NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS
https://doi.org/10.15690/pf.v9i2.241
Abstract
The hypernatremia is an electrolyte disorder in patients at the hospital stage of the treatment. The symptomatic hypernatremia is associated with severe neurological disorders. The degree of dysfunction varies from mild behavioral disturbances to convulsions, coma, and depends on the duration and depth of hypernatremia. Neurological disorders are caused, on the one hand, by the shrinkage of neurocytes in the background of a high concentration of sodium in the blood, on the other — by the development of brain edema related to the rapid correction of hypernatremia. Symptomatic hypernatremia is the threatening complication and is associated with a significant mortality increase in children with a wide range of diseases. The paper describes current approaches to the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of hypernatremia.
About the Author
R. F. Tepaev
Scientific Center of Children’s Health, RAMS, Moscow
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
References
1. Hyponatremia and hypernatremia. In: H.J. Adrogue, D.E. Wesson. Salt & water. Boston: Blackwell Scientific. 1994. P. 205–284.
2. Feig P.U., McCurdy D.K. The hypertonic state. N Engl J Med. 1977;297:1444–1454.
3. Konetzny G., Bucher H.U., Arlettaz R. Prevention of hypernatraemic dehydration in breastfed newborn infants by daily weighing. Eur J Pediatr. 2008.
4. Moritz M.L., Ayus J.C. The changing pattern of hypernatremia in hospitalized children. Pediatrics. 1999;104(3 Pt. 1):435–439.
5. Conley S.B. Hypernatremia. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1990; 37(2): 365–372.
6. Semenovskaya Z. Hypernatremia in emergency medicine. 2009. URL: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/766683
7. Moritz M.L., Ayus J.C. Preventing neurological complications from dysnatremias in children. Pediatr Nephrol. 2005; 20(12): 1687–1700.
8. Farley T.A. Severe hypernatremic dehydration after use of an activated charcoal — sorbitol suspension. J Pediatr. 1986; 109: 719.
9. Adrogue H.J., Madias N.E. Hypernatremia.N Engl J Med. 2000; 342: 1493.
10. Birnbaumer M. The V2 vasopressin receptor mutations and fluid homeostasis.Cardiovasc Res. 2001; 51: 409.
11. Lockwood A. Acute and chronic hyperosmolality: effects on cerebral amino acids and energy metabolism.Arch Neurol. 1975; 32: 6263.
12. Lohr J., Springate J., Feld L. Seizures during correction of hypernatremic dehydration in infant.Am J Kidney Dis. 1989; 14: 232.
13. Robertson G., Carrihill M., Hatherill M.et al. Relationship between fluid management, changes in serum sodium and outcome in hypernatraemia associated with gastroenteritis. J Paediatr Child Health. 2007; 43(4): 291–296.
14. Elenberg E. Pediatric Hypernatremia. 2012. URL: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/907653
Review
For citations:
Tepaev R.F. HYPERNATREMIA IN CHILDREN. FOCUS ON THE NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS. Pediatric pharmacology. 2012;9(2):23-27. https://doi.org/10.15690/pf.v9i2.241
Views:
2095
Email this article 