Когнитивные, эмоциональные и поведенческие нарушения у детей с респираторными аллергическими заболеваниями: причины и пути решения

Публикация посвящена обзору накопившихся данных о связи респираторной аллергопатологии с нейропсихическими расстройствами в детском возрасте. Актуальность проблемы обусловлена взаимовлиянием сочетающихся у ребенка аллергических и нейропсихических состояний на течение этих заболеваний. Согласно исследованиям, отчетливо проявляется связь респираторных аллергических заболеваний с нарушениями нейроразвития, в частности с синдромом дефицита внимания и гиперактивности и расстройствами аутистического спектра, появились и первые публикации о связи с речевыми и другими нетяжелыми когнитивными нарушениями. Одновременно активно изучается формирование при респираторной аллергопатологии депрессий, суицидального поведения, тревожных расстройств. Предполагается, что тесная взаимосвязь нервной и иммунной регуляций обеспечивает высокую сопряженность аллергических и нейропсихических патологических состояний, хотя причинно-следственные связи пока точно не установлены. В связи с этим становится актуальным внедрение в клиническую практику мониторинга когнитивного статуса, нейропсихического развития и возможных симптомов тревоги, депрессии и суицидальных мыслей при терапии детей с респираторными аллергическими заболеваниями. Вовремя выявленные нарушения позволят на раннем этапе оказывать специализированные вмешательства с целью достижения благоприятного результата лечения в долгосрочной перспективе.

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