The Struggle Against Acute Enteric Infections Among Children in Soviet Russia (1930-1940)
https://doi.org/10.15690/pf.v18i3.2278
Abstract
The results of a historical and medical study reflecting the issues of combating dysentery and other acute enteric infections among the children in Soviet Russia during the 1930-1940 period are presented in this article. Analysis of medical reports, orders, circular letters of the People’s Commissariat of Health Сare of the USSR and other documents from published and unpublished archival materials, and scientific publications of Soviet scientists indicate that the situation with dysentery and other acute intestinal infections among children (especially of early age) was complicated and characterized by significant prevalence of this pathology in the 1930s. This study has shown that it was possible to reduce children morbidity and mortality due to the implementation of extensive sanitary, hygienic and anti-epidemic measures on the government level, the implementation of specialized dietary products for kids and new methods of therapy (sulfanilamides, dysenteric bacteriophage, antidisenteric serum) in Moscow and other regions (for example in Gorky and Kirov regions). The experience of organizing the pediatricians, epidemiologists, health care organizers work against acute enteric infections among children in Soviet Russia in the 1930s can currently be used in various countries and regions where acute diarrheal diseases are significant cause of children mortality.
Keywords
Dysentery,
acute enteric infections in children in Soviet Russia (1930-1940),
children morbidity and mortality
Supporting agencies: Not specified
About the Authors
Valery Yu. Albitskiy
Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children's Health in Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Disclosure of interest:
Russian Federation
Valeriy Yu. Albitskiy, MD, PhD, Professor, Head Research Worker of the Department of Social Pediatrics and multidisciplinary support.
10 Fotievoy street, 119333, Moscow
Disclosure of interest:
Not declared
Stella A. Sher
Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children's Health in Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Disclosure of interest:
Russian Federation
Stella A. Sher, MD, PhD; Head Research Worker of the Department of Social Pediatrics and multidisciplinary support.
10 Fotievoy street, 119333, Moscow
Disclosure of interest:
Not declared
References
1. Ghimire M., Pradhan YV, Maskey MK. Community-based interventions for diarrhoeal diseases and acute respiratory infections in Nepal. Bull World Health Organ. 2010;88(3):216-221. doi: 10.2471/BLT.09.065649
2. Baranov AA, Albitskii VYu. Smertnost’ detskogo naselenlya Rossll (tendentsii, prichiny i puti snizheniya). Moscow: the Union of Pediatricians of Russia; 2009. p. 61. (Sotsial'naya pediatriya; Issue 9). (In Russ).
3. Okhrana zdorov’ya detei. Perel YaA, ed. Moscow-Leningrad: People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR; 1932. pp. 98-100. (Okhrana detstva i detskoe pravo; Issue 12). (In Russ).
4. Kaplan EM. Batsillyarnaya dizenteriya v detskom vozraste. In: Ostrye zheludochno-kishechnye zabolevaniya v detskom vozraste. Dulitskii OS, ed. Moscow-Leningrad: Publishing House Medgiz; People's Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR; 1940. pp. 37-52. (In Russ).
5. Kossyura-Shain MB. Dizenteriya i ee lechenie v rannem detskom vozraste. Voprosy materinstva i mladenchestva. Moscow: People's Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR; 1938. N 6. pp. 8-13. (In Russ).
6. Speranskii GN. Nekotorye voprosy iz oblasti ostrykh rasstroistv pitaniya i pishchevareniya. In: Ostrye zheludochno-kishechnye zabolevaniya v detskom vozraste. Dulitskii OS, ed. Moscow-Leningrad: Publ. Medgiz; People's Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR; 1940. pp. 5-9. (In Russ).
7. Ionin ID. Dizenteriya u detei rannego vozrasta. Moscow: Central Research Institute for the Protection of Mothers and Infants; 1935. pp. 28-40 (In Russ).
8. Работа детской консультации (содержание, организация, формы) / под ред. Г.Н. Сперанского, Ф.И. Зборовской, С.А. Бахмутской, Н.Ф. Альтгаузена. — М.-Л.: Медгиз; 1941. — 199 с. [Rabota detskoi konsul’tatsii (soderzhanie, organizatsi-ya, formy). Speranskii GN, Zborovskaya FI, Bakhmutskaya SA, Al'tgauzen NF, eds. Moscow-Leningrad: Medgiz; 1941. 199 p. (In Russ).]
9. SARF. Fund 8009. People's Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR. Department of Medical and Preventive Care for Children. Inventory 21. Case 1. Transcript of the meeting of the Commission of the Department of Therapeutic and Preventive Children Care on the Development of the Polyclinic Network in the III Five-Year Plan (May 27 - October 29, 1937). L. 41. (In Russ).
10. Vasich EA. Meropriyatiya po bor'be s ostrymi kishechnymi zabolevaniyami detei rannego vozrasta v 1937-1938 gg. v Moskve. Voprosy materinstva i mladenchestva. Moscow: Medgiz; People's Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR; 1938. N 6. pp. 8-13. (In Russ).
11. Manannikova NV. Opyt raboty po bor'be s letnimi detskimi ponosami v Kirovskoi oblasti v 1937 g. Voprosy materinstva i mladenchestva. Moscow: People's Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR; Biomedgiz; 1938. N 5. pp. 20-24. (In Russ).
12. Sosnovskaya M. Sosnovskaya M. Itogi raboty po bor'be s detskimi letnimi ponosami v Gor'kovskoi oblasti za 1937 g. Voprosy materinstva i mladenchestva. Moscow: People's Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR; Biomedgiz; 1938. N 5. pp. 14-19. (In Russ).
13. Methodological letter about the activity of nurseries in the summer time. Sandler RYa, Polezhaeva LV, Gol'denberg B, compilers. Gor'kiy; 1936. 16 p.
14. SARF. Fund 8009. People's Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR. Inventory 1. Case 334. Orders under the People’s Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR (61-107). February 1940. Microfilms. L. 3-7. (In Russ).
15. Dobrokhotova AI. Ostrye infektsionnye zabolevaniya. Jubilee collection “XXV years of the Institute of Pediatrics (1922-1947)". Moscow: Publishing House of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR; 1947. p. 66. (In Russ).
Review
For citations:
Albitskiy V.Yu., Sher S.A. The Struggle Against Acute Enteric Infections Among Children in Soviet Russia (1930-1940). Pediatric pharmacology. 2021;18(3):221-226. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15690/pf.v18i3.2278
Views:
1034
Email this article 