HYPONATREMIA IN CHILDREN. FOCUS — NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS

Abstract

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in patients at the hospital stage of treatment. Symptomatic hyponatremia is associated with severe neurological disorders. The degree of dysfunction varies from mild behavioral disturbances to convulsions, coma, or death, depending on the duration and depth of hyponatremia. Neurological disorders are caused, on one hand by edema and swelling of the brain on the background of hyponatremia, on the other — by the development of the osmotic demyelination syndrome in its rapid correction. Symptomatic hyponatremia is a threatening complication and is associated with a significant increase in mortality in children with a wide range of diseases. The article deals with the modern approaches to the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia.
Key words: hyponatremia, osmotic demyelination syndrome, children.