Immunological Protection Against Vaccine-Preventable Infections (Hepatitis B, Measles, Rubella, Mumps, Diphtheria, Tetanus) of Russian and Foreign Students: A Simultaneous Study

The increase in the incidence of vaccine-preventable infections is due to the low level of immunological protection of the population, which against the background of active migration processes can determine high risks of outbreaks of infectious diseases and the development of epidemics. To study the tension of post-vaccination immunity to hepatitis B, measles, rubella, mumps, diphtheria, tetanus among Russian and foreign students studying in a Russian university. The study included students who received a full course of vaccination and revaccination for hepatitis B, tetanus, diphtheria, measles, rubella and mumps in accordance with the National Calendar of the Russian Federation (including students from Turkmenistan and Syria), similar immunization programs in Israel (students from Jordan and Palestine) and Tajikistan who did not have (according to medical records) these infections in the past. Evaluation of the state of immunity was carried out by determining antibodies by ELISA (hepatitis B virus and rubella), RPHA (tetanus and diphtheria toxoids) and RTGA (mumps and measles virus). The minimum protective level of antibodies was established when their concentration to HBsAg > 0.01 IU/ml, rubella virus > 10 IU/ml, titer to tetanus toxoid 1:20; diphtheria toxoid 1:40, mumps virus 1:10, measles 1: 4. 40 Russian and 63 foreign students were examined. The minimum protective level of antibodies and higher against tetanus and diphtheria toxoids has been established for all students, for hepatitis B — only for Russian students. The minimum protective level of antibodies to measles among Russian students was absent in 5 (13%), against mumps — 4 (10%), and rubella — 2 (5%) cases. Among foreign students, an insufficient level of antibodies to hepatitis B was recorded in 18 (29%), for measles — 19 (30%), for mumps — 15 (24%), for rubella — 4 (6%) cases. Insufficient protection of Russian and foreign students to measles, rubella and mumps was established, only foreign students to hepatitis B.

1. Svedeniya o smertnosti naseleniya po prichinam smerti po Rossiyskoy Federatsii za yanvar’-dekabr’ 2017 goda [Internet]. (In Russ). URL: https://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2017/demo/t3_3.xls. 15.08.2019.

2. Zdravookhranenie v Rossii, 2017. Statisticheskii sbornik. Moscow: Rosstat; 2017. 170 p. (In Russ).

3. Assessment report of the global vaccine action plan. Strategic advisory group of experts on immunization (WHO/IVB/18.11). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.

4. WHO [Internet]. Okhvat immunizatsiyey [July 15, 2019]. Informatsionnyy byulleten’ VOZ; 2019. (In Russ).] URL: https://www.who.int/ru/newsroom/fact-sheets/detail/immunization-coverage. 15.08.2019.

5. WHO [Internet]. EUR/RC64/15 European Vaccine Action Plan 2015– 2020 (2014) Working document of the 64th session of the WHO Regional Committeefor Europe [September 18, 2014]. WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2019. (In Russ). URL: http://www.euro.who.int/ru/health-topics/communicable-diseases/hepatitis/publications/2014/european-vaccine-action-plan20152020-2014. 15.08.2019.

6. Gushchin VA, Manuilov VA, Mazunina EP, et al. Immunological memory as a basis for a wise vaccination strategy. A rationale for introducing a comprehensive seroepidemiological surveillance system in Russia. Bulletin of Russian State Medical University. 2017;(5):5–25. (In Russ).

7. Organizatsiya i provedeniye serologicheskogo monitoringa sostoyaniya kollektivnogo immuniteta k infektsiyam, upravlyayemym sredstvami spetsificheskoy profilaktiki (difteriya, stolbnyak, koklyush, kor’, krasnukha, epidemicheskiy parotit, poliomiyelit, gepatit V). Metodicheskiye ukazaniya MU 3.1.2943-11. Moscow: Rospotrebnadzor; 2011. (In Russ). URL: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200088401. 15.08.2019.

8. Briko NI. Otsenka kachestva i effektivnosti immunoprofilaktiki. Lechashchii vrach. 2012;(10):57. (In Russ).

9. Yunasova TN, Gorenkov DV, Rukavishnikov AV, et al. Analysis of measles incidence in Russia and problems of measles prevention at the elimination stage. Biopreparaty. 2019;19(3):154–160. (In Russ). doi: 10.30895/2221-996X-2019-19-3-154-160.

10. Niyazalieva MS, Toygombaeva VS, Aldjambaeva ISh, Mustafina FS. The state of postvaccinal immunity to vaccine-preventable infections among the population of the Kyrgyz Republic. Vestnik KazNMU. 2017;(4):447–450. (In Russ).

11. Karimov IZ, Gorovenko MV, Penkovskaya NA, et al. The level of intensity of immunity to diphtheria and tetanus among the population of the Republic of Crimea. Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity. 2015;5(2):165–170. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15789/2220-7619-2015-2-165-170.

12. Yakimova TN, Maximova NM, Markina SS, et al. The present level of the tetanus antitoxic immunity among population of the Russian Federation. Epidemiology and Vaccination. 2013;72(5):54–59. (In Russ.)

13. Order № 125n Ministry Of Health Russia “Ob utverzhdenii regional’nogo kalendarya profilakticheskikh privivok i kalendarya profilakticheskikh privivok po epidemicheskim pokazaniyam» s izm. v sootvetstvii s Prikazom № 370n ot 16 iyunya 2016 g, Prikazom № 175n ot 13 aprelya 2017 g. «O vnesenii izmeneniy v prilozheniya №№ 1 i 2 k Prikazu ot 21 marta № 125n”; dated 2014 March 21. (In Russ). http://docs.cntd.ru/document/556673604. 15.08.2019.

14. Routine immunization schedule for childhood and school age, Israel 2011. Internet Archive: Wayback Machine; 2011. (In Russ.) URLttps://web.archive.org/web/20150621043259/ http://www.tasmc.org.il/Be-Well/InterestAreas/kid/Pages/peds_vaccine.aspx. Ссылка активна на 15.08.2019.

15. Decree of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan № 456 «O Natsional’noy programme immunoprofilaktiki v respublike Tadzhikistan na 2016–2020 gody”; dated 2016 October 28. (In Russ).URL: https://base.spinform.ru/show_doc.fwx/show_doc.fwx?rgn=90480. 5.08.2019.

16. Briko NI. Kriterii otsenki effektivnosti vaktsinatsii. Lechashchii vrach. 2001;(3):64–(In Russ).