ppharmПедиатрическая фармакологияPediatric pharmacology1727-57762500-3089Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»10.15690/pf.v23i3.3068ppharm-2838Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWГетерогенность и перспективные направления персонализации терапии аллергического ринита в детском возрастеHeterogeneity and Future Perspectives on Personalized Treatment of Pediatric Allergic Rhinitishttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6098-7028ШишиморовИ. Н.ShishimorovIvan N.

Шишиморов Иван Николаевич - д.м.н., доцент.

Волгоград

MD, PhD, Associate Professor.

Volgograd

drshishimorov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6670-9029МагницкаяО. В.MagnitskayaOlga V.

Магницкая Ольга Валерьевна - д.м.н., доцент.

Волгоград

MD, PhD, Associate Professor.

Volgograd

magol1704@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8348-2329ПономареваЮ. В.PonomarevaYuliya V.

Пономарева Юлия Владимировна - к.м.н.

Волгоград

MD, PhD.

Volgograd

ju.ponomareva@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-2703-8619НауменкоМ. Л.NaumenkoMargarita L.

Науменко Маргарита Леонидовна - ассистент кафедры педиатрии и неонатологии Института непрерывного медицинского и фармацевтического образования.

400066, Волгоград, пл. Павших Борцов, зд. 1, тел.: +7 (8442) 38-54-97

MD.

1, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, 400066, +7 (8442) 38-54-97

naumargret@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-4375-3530ПерминовА. А.PerminovAleksey A.

Перминов Алексей Александрович - к.м.н.

Волгоград

MD, PhD.

Volgograd

aleksej.perminov@volgmed.ruВолгоградский государственный медицинский университетРоссияVolgograd State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202626072026233282289Copyright © Шишиморов И.Н., Магницкая О.В., Пономарева Ю.В., Науменко М.Л., Перминов А.А., 20262026Шишиморов И.Н., Магницкая О.В., Пономарева Ю.В., Науменко М.Л., Перминов А.А.Shishimorov I.N., Magnitskaya O.V., Ponomareva Y.V., Naumenko M.L., Perminov A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/2838

Аллергический ринит — одно из самых распространенных хронических заболеваний детского возраста. Ранняя манифестация симптомов, поздняя диагностика и нерациональная (или недостаточно эффективная) фармакотерапия повышают риск полисенсибилизации и способствуют развитию других заболеваний дыхательной системы и ЛОР-органов. Патогенетическая и клиническая гетерогенность аллергического ринита, а также сложности в достижении комплаенса являются основными причинами высокой вариабельности ответа на проводимое лечение. Результаты исследований последних лет, посвященные изучению фенотипических различий пациентов с аллергическим ринитом, открывают перспективы по разработке новых эффективных персонализированных алгоритмов оказания медицинской помощи. Обзор современных исследований по проблеме гетерогенности (генетической, микробиомной и мультиморбидной) детского аллергического ринита и связанной с ней различной эффективности фармакотерапии был выполнен с использованием данных научных электронных библиотек eLibrary и PubMed. Актуальные результаты научных исследований могут стать основой для разработки фенотип-ориентированных подходов к лечению аллергического ринита у детей — как за счет повышения эффективности использования традиционных лекарственных средств и их комбинаций (антигистаминных препаратов, интраназальных глюкокортикоидов, антилейкотриеновых препаратов), так и путем возможного воздействия на новые фармакотерапевтические мишени.

Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. Early manifestation of symptoms, late diagnosis, and irrational (or insufficiently effective) pharmacotherapy increase the risk of polysensitization and contribute to the development of other diseases of the respiratory system and ENT organs. The pathogenetic and clinical heterogeneity of allergic rhinitis, as well as difficulties in achieving compliance, are the main reasons for the high variability in treatment response. The results of recent studies focusing on phenotypic differences in patients with allergic rhinitis open up prospects for the development of new effective personalized algorithms for medical care. A review of current research on the problem of heterogeneity (genetic, microbiome-related, and multimorbid) of pediatric allergic rhinitis and its associated variable efficacy of pharmacotherapy was conducted using data from the scientific electronic libraries eLibrary and PubMed. Current research findings may serve as a basis for the development of phenotype-oriented approaches to the treatment of allergic rhinitis in children — both by improving the efficacy of traditional drugs and their combinations (antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, antileukotriene agents) and through potential targeting of novel pharmacotherapeutic targets.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.