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<article article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ppharm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Педиатрическая фармакология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pediatric pharmacology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1727-5776</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/pf.v23i3.3064</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ppharm-2833</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕДАКЦИОННАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка выраженности печеночного фиброза у детей на основе прямых биомаркеров и расчетных индексов: малоинвазивный подход</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of Hepatic Fibrosis Severity in Children Based on Direct Biomarkers and Calculated Indices: Minimally Invasive Approach</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0449-2053</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фатуллаев</surname><given-names>С. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fatullaev</surname><given-names>Sadig T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фатуллаев Садиг Талех оглы - врач-гастроэнтеролог отделения гастроэнтерологии для детей Стационара для детей, лаборант-исследователь отдела научных основ детской гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии и метаболических нарушений НИИ педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей НКЦ №2 ФГБНУ «РНЦХ им. акад. Б.В. Петровского».</p><p>117593, Москва, Литовский бул., д. 1А, тел.: +7 (916) 888-49-45</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD.</p><p>1А, Litovskij boulevard, Moscow, 117593, +7 (916) 888-49-45</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.sadig@gastrockb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3697-4283</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сурков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Surkov</surname><given-names>Andrej N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сурков Андрей Николаевич - д.м.н.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">surkov@gastrockb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8311-9506</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордеева</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordeeva</surname><given-names>Olga B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гордеева Ольга Борисовна - к.м.н.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">obr@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3746-5694</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котикова</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotikova</surname><given-names>Kira I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котикова Кира Игоревна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kira.kotikova2015@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5549-857X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бессонов</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bessonov</surname><given-names>Evgenij E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бессонов Евгений Евгеньевич</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bessonov@gastrockb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0583-8010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джгаркава</surname><given-names>И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhgarkava</surname><given-names>Irine</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Джгаркава Ирине</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Джгаркава Ирине</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinedzharkava@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8188-9589</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Изотова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Izotova</surname><given-names>Natal’ya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Изотова Наталья Александровна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">izotova@gastrockb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8116-598X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Доброток</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobrotok</surname><given-names>Albina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доброток Альбина Витальевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dobrotokav@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3355-4823</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусейнова</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guseynova</surname><given-names>Albina D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гусейнова Альбина Джейхуновна - студентка.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">goosealbina@yandex.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2209-7531</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Намазова-Баранова</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Namazova-Baranova</surname><given-names>Leyla S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Намазова-Баранова Лейла Сеймуровна - д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p><p>Москва, Шэньчжэнь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS.</p><p>Moscow, Shenzhen</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leyla.s.namazova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей НКЦ №2 «РНЦХ им. акад. Б.В. Петровского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pediatrics and Child Health Research Institute in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей НКЦ №2 «РНЦХ им. акад. Б.В. Петровского»; Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова (Пироговский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pediatrics and Child Health Research Institute in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgeryя; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова (Пироговский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей НКЦ №2 «РНЦХ им. акад. Б.В. Петровского»; Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова (Пироговский Университет); Университет МГУ-ППИ в Шэньчжэне</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pediatrics and Child Health Research Institute in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgeryя; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Shenzhen MSU-BIT University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>194</fpage><lpage>205</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фатуллаев С.Т., Сурков А.Н., Гордеева О.Б., Котикова К.И., Бессонов Е.Е., Джгаркава И., Изотова Н.А., Доброток А.В., Гусейнова А.Д., Намазова-Баранова Л.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фатуллаев С.Т., Сурков А.Н., Гордеева О.Б., Котикова К.И., Бессонов Е.Е., Джгаркава И., Изотова Н.А., Доброток А.В., Гусейнова А.Д., Намазова-Баранова Л.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fatullaev S.T., Surkov A.N., Gordeeva O.B., Kotikova K.I., Bessonov E.E., Dzhgarkava I., Izotova N.A., Dobrotok A.V., Guseynova A.D., Namazova-Baranova L.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/2833">https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/2833</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. За последние годы существенно расширена доказательная база по современным методам оценки фиброза печени (ФП) с использованием серологических биомаркеров и расчетных индексов. К наиболее перспективным маркерам относятся коллагены I и III типов (COL1, COL3), гиалуроновая кислота (HA), фактор дифференцировки роста-15 (GDF-15), моноцитарный хемотаксический белок-1 (MCP-1), протеин-1 внеклеточного матрикса (ECM1), а также индексы APRI (Aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index) и FIB-4 (Fibrosis-4 index). Однако к настоящему времени в литературе число публикаций с результатами использования данного диагностического комплекса в педиатрической практике остается ограниченным.</p><p>Цель исследования — оценка диагностической ценности прямых серологических биомаркеров (COL1, COL3, HA, GDF-15, MCP-1, ECM1) в сочетании с индексами APRI и FIB-4 для малоинвазивной стратификации стадий ФП у детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 108 пациентов в возрасте от 2 лет 4 мес до 17 лет 11 мес (медиана возраста составила 9,9 [6,9; 15,9] лет) с хроническими болезнями печени различной этиологии, из них 51 — с криптогенным ФП, 19 — с болезнями накопления гликогена, 14 — с аутоиммунным гепатитом, 14 — c первичным склерозирующим холангитом, 6 — с болезнью Вильсона – Коновалова, 2 — с прогрессирующим семейным внутрипеченочным холестазом, 1 — с гликогенной гепатопатией в рамках синдрома Мориака, 1 — с болезнью Кароли. Всем детям для определения стадии ФП проводили двумерную эластографию сдвиговой волной (ДЭСВ), оценку сывороточных концентраций прямых биомаркеров ФП in vitro: GDF-15 (пг/мл); COL1 (нг/мл); COL3 (нг/мл); ECM1 (пг/мл) методом твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА) типа «сэндвич» и HA (нг/мл) методом общего твердофазного ИФА. Дополнительно был произведен расчет индексов APRI и FIB-4.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Концентрации HA, GDF-15, ECM1 в сыворотке крови статистически значимо возрастали по мере прогрессирования ФП (p &lt; 0,001 для всех показателей). Получены данные о статистически значимых различиях концентраций COL1 (p &lt; 0,001) и COL3 (p = 0,001) при разграничении ранних изменений печеночной паренхимы (стадии F0–F1). При определении пороговых значений HA в зависимости от стадии ФП выявлены высокие показатели чувствительности (&gt; 90%) и специфичности (&gt; 94,6%) при дифференциации выраженных структурных изменений печени от ранних стадий фиброза. При разграничении стадии F4 от F0 по уровню GDF-15 достигнуты 100% чувствительность и 100% специфичность, по уровню ECM1 — чувствительность 81,8% и специфичность 90,6%. Наилучшие показатели чувствительности (70,3%) и специфичности (69,4%) для COL3 отмечены при разграничении стадий F0 от F1. Расчетные индексы FIB-4 и APRI продемонстрировали значимое увеличение медианы значений у пациентов на продвинутых стадиях ФП: F4 от F0–F3 (р &lt; 0,05) и F4 от F0–F2 (р &lt; 0,011) соответственно.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Сывороточные концентрации HA, GDF-15, ECM1, а также значения расчетных индексов APRI и FIB4 демонстрируют однонаправленную динамику, увеличиваясь по мере нарастания степени ФП у детей. При этом концентрации COL1 и COL3, напротив, снижаются уже на стадии формирования минимального фиброза и остаются низкими по мере прогрессирования болезни при сравнении со стадией F0. Представленный инструментально-лабораторный комплекс может рассматриваться как перспективный малоинвазивный диагностический инструмент для стратификации стадий ФП у детей.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Recently, the evidence base for modern methods of assessing liver fibrosis (LF) using serological biomarkers and calculated indices has been significantly expanded. The most promising markers include collagens of types I and III (COL1, COL3), hyaluronic acid (HA), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), extracellular matrix protein-1 (ECM1), as well as APRI indices (Aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index) and FIB-4 (Fibrosis-4 index). However, now the number of publications with the results of using this diagnostic complex in pediatric practice remains limited. Objective.</p><p>The aim of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of direct serological biomarkers (COL1, COL3, HA, GDF-15, MCP-1, ECM1) in combination with the APRI and FIB-4 indices for minimally invasive stratification of LF stages in children.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The study included 108 patients aged 2 years 4 months to 17 years 11 months (median age — 9.9 [6.9; 15.9] years) with chronic liver diseases of various etiologies, 51 of them with cryptogenic LF, 19 with glycogen storage diseases, 14 with autoimmune hepatitis, 14 with primary sclerosing cholangitis, 6 with Wilson disease, 2 with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, 1 with glycogenic hepatopathy in the framework of Mauriac’s syndrome, 1 with Caroli disease. To determine the stage of LF, all children underwent two-dimensional shear-wave elasticity imaging (DSWE), evaluation of serum concentrations of direct LF biomarkers in vitro: GDF-15 (pg/mL); COL1 (ng/ml); COL3 (ng/ml); ECM1 (pg/mL) by Sandwich ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and HA (ng/ml) by the method of general ELISA. Additionally, the APRI and FIB-4 indices were calculated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Concentrations of HA, GDF-15, and ECM1 in blood serum increased statistically significantly as LF progressed (p &lt; 0.001 for all indicators). Data on statistically significant differences in COL1 (p &lt; 0.001) and COL3 (p = 0.001) concentrations were obtained when distinguishing between early changes in hepatic parenchyma (stages F0–F1). When determining the threshold values of HA depending on the stage of LF, high sensitivity (&gt; 90%) and specificity (&gt; 94.6%) were found in differentiating pronounced structural changes in the liver from the early stages of fibrosis. When differentiating the F4 stage from F0, 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity were achieved at the GDF-15 level, 81.8% sensitivity and 90.6% specificity at the ECM1 level. The best indicators of sensitivity (70.3%) and specificity (69.4%) for COL3 were noted when distinguishing stages F0 from F1. The calculated FIB-4 and APRI indices demonstrated a significant increase in the median values in patients at late stages of LF: F4 from F0–F3 (p &lt; 0.05) and F4 from F0–F2 (p &lt; 0.011), respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The serum concentrations of HA, GDF-15, ECM1, as well as the values of the calculated APRI and FIB-4 indices demonstrate unidirectional dynamics, increasing as the degree of LF in children increases. On the contrary, the concentrations of COL1 and COL3 decrease in this case at the stage of minimal fibrosis formation and remain low as the disease progresses compared with the F0 stage. The presented instrumental and laboratory complex can be considered as a promising minimally invasive diagnostic tool for stratification of LF stages in children.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фиброз печени</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>гиалуроновая кислота</kwd><kwd>фактор дифференцировки роста-15</kwd><kwd>малоинвазивная диагностика</kwd><kwd>хронические заболевания печени</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liver fibrosis</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>hyaluronic acid</kwd><kwd>growth differentiation factor-15</kwd><kwd>minimally invasive diagnosis</kwd><kwd>chronic liver diseases</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Отсутствует</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Not specified</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moudgil V, Bansal S, Iyer KR. 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