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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ppharm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Педиатрическая фармакология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pediatric pharmacology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1727-5776</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/pf.v23i2.3029</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ppharm-2791</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Синдром ROHHAD: современные представления о редком заболевании детского возраста</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ROHHAD Syndrome: Modern Understanding of Rare Childhood Disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4271-543X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каширская</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashirskaya</surname><given-names>Elena I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каширская Елена Игоревна, доктор медицинских наук, заведующая кафедрой госпитальной педиатрии и неонатологии </p><p>414000, Астрахань, ул. Бакинская, д. 121 </p><p>тел.: +7 (960) 861-13-75 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Kashirskaya, МD, PhD </p><p>121, Bakinskaya Str., Astrakhan, 414000 </p><p>+7 (960) 861-13-75 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kmn2001@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2581-0408</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>Alyona A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антонова Алена Анатольевна, к.м.н.  </p><p>Астрахань </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alyona A. Antonova, МD, PhD </p><p>Astrakhan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fduecn-2010@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8226-5804</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойко</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boyko</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бойко Наталья Валентиновна </p><p>Астрахань </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Boyko, MD </p><p>Astrakhan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">domrebenka-2@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8587-0210</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рамазанов</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ramazanov</surname><given-names>Damir R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рамазанов Дамир Радикович </p><p>Астрахань </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Damir R. Ramazanov, MD </p><p>Astrakhan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">damir-ram@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Астраханский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Astrakhan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Специализированный дом ребенка «Капелька»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Specialized Children’s Home “Kapelka”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>81</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каширская Е.И., Антонова А.А., Бойко Н.В., Рамазанов Д.Р., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каширская Е.И., Антонова А.А., Бойко Н.В., Рамазанов Д.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kashirskaya E.I., Antonova A.A., Boyko N.V., Ramazanov D.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/2791">https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/2791</self-uri><abstract><p>ROHHAD-синдром (Rapid-onset Obesity with Hypoventilation, Hypothalamic dysfunction, and Autonomic Dysregulation) представляет собой жизнеугрожающее мультисистемное заболевание детского возраста с высокой летальностью, оцениваемой в 50–60%. Клиническая картина характеризуется триадой ключевых признаков: быстрым развитием ожирения в интервале от 1,5 до 7 лет, центральной альвеолярной гиповентиляцией и комплексной гипоталамической дисфункцией, включающей центральный гипотиреоз, гиперпролактинемию, расстройства водно-электролитного обмена, дефицит гормона роста, надпочечниковую недостаточность и нарушения пубертатного развития. Признаки вегетативной дисрегуляции часто сопутствуют данной триаде. Важной ассоциированной патологией является развитие опухолей нервного гребня, преимущественно ганглионевром и ганглионейробластом, которые выявляются примерно у половины пациентов. Эпидемиологические характеристики синдрома ROHHAD окончательно не установлены, и его распространенность в популяции остается неизвестной. Ввиду отсутствия специфических лабораторных или генетических маркеров диагностика основывается исключительно на клинических критериях, что существенно затрудняет распознавание заболевания и способствует поздней диагностике или гиподиагностике. Ранняя верификация диагноза критически важна с учетом высокого риска жизнеугрожающих осложнений и летального исхода при отсутствии своевременного вмешательства. Этиопатогенез ROHHADсиндрома остается неясным; ведущей считается гипотеза об аутоиммунной природе заболевания, на что указывает частичный ответ на иммуносупрессивную терапию. В условиях отсутствия этиотропного лечения терапевтическая стратегия носит мультидисциплинарный поддерживающий характер. Таким образом, ROHHAD остается заболеванием с множеством нерешенных вопросов в отношении патогенеза, диагностики и терапии, что подчеркивает необходимость дальнейших исследований. В обзорной статье рассматриваются ключевые аспекты синдрома ROHHAD, включая предполагаемую этиологию, особенности клинической картины, подходы к диагностике, тактику лечения и прогноз. Поиск и анализ публикаций выполнялись в базах данных PubMed, Google Scholar и eLIBRARY.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>ROHHAD syndrome (Rapid-onset Obesity with Hypoventilation, Hypothalamic Dysfunction, and Autonomic Dysregulation) is a life-threatening, multisystem disorder of childhood with high mortality rate, estimated at 50–60%. The clinical picture is characterized by triad of symptoms: rapid onset of obesity between 1.5 and 7 years of age, central alveolar hypoventilation, and complex hypothalamic dysfunction including central hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, growth hormone deficiency, adrenal insufficiency, and impaired pubertal development. Autonomic dysregulation often accompanies this triad. Development of neural crest tumors (mainly ganglioneuromas and ganglioneuroblastomas) can be significant co-morbidity as they are detected in approximately half of patients. ROHHAD syndrome epidemiological characteristics and prevalence are still unclear. Diagnosis relies only on clinical data as there are no specific laboratory or genetic markers, thus, it significantly complicates disease recognition and leads to late or missed diagnosis. Early diagnosis is crucial due to the high risk of life-threatening complications and death without timely management. ROHHAD syndrome etiopathogenesis remains unclear; the leading hypothesis is autoimmune origin as immunosuppressive therapy can achieve partial response. Management strategies should be multidisciplinary and supportive in the absence of any etiotropic treatment. Thus, ROHHAD remains a disease with numerous unresolved questions regarding its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management, highlighting the need for further research. This review examines key aspects of ROHHAD syndrome including its proposed etiology, clinical signs, diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies, and prognosis. Publications were selected and analyzed in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLIBRARY databases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>редкое заболевание</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>гиповентиляция</kwd><kwd>гипоталамическая</kwd><kwd>вегетативная дисфункция</kwd><kwd>ROHHAD-синдром</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rare disease</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>hypoventilation</kwd><kwd>hypothalamic</kwd><kwd>autonomic dysfunction</kwd><kwd>ROHHAD syndrome</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Отсутствует.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Not specified.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomas-Eapen N. 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