ppharmПедиатрическая фармакологияPediatric pharmacology1727-57762500-3089Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»10.15690/pf.v23i1.3006ppharm-2754Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWЧастота встречаемости эндокринной патологии у детей с ВЗК и целиакией: факторы, влияющие на ее возникновениеFrequency of Endocrine Pathology in Children with IBD and Celiac Disease: Factors Influencing Its Occurrencehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5612-5249КаприорЕ. В.KapriorE. V.

Каприор Екатерина Васильевна

Санкт-Петербург

Ekaterina V. Kaprior - MD.

Saint Petersburg

kaprior07@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-5964-3481РассадинаА. И.RassadinaA. I.

Рассадина Арина Ильинична – студентка.

Санкт-Петербург

Arina I. Rassadina – student.

Saint Petersburg

rassadina_arina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-7372РевноваМ. О.RevnovaM. O.

Ревнова Мария Олеговна - д.м.н., профессор.

Санкт-Петербург

Maria O. Revnova - MD, PhD, Professor.

Saint Petersburg

revnoff@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-0168-7442ПоповаЛ. В.PopovaL. V.

Попова Лидия Вячеславовна - студентка.

Санкт-Петербург

Lidiya V. Popova - student.

Saint Petersburg

lida65650@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5125-1094БаироваС. В.BairovaS. V.

Баирова Светлана Вадимовна - к.м.н.

Санкт-Петербург

Svetlana V. Bairova - MD, PhD.

Saint Petersburg

svabar@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-7280ХавкинА. И.KhavkinA. I.

Хавкин Анатолий Ильич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель Московского областного центра детской гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии им. А.В. Мазурина Научно-исследовательского клинического института детства, профессор кафедры педиатрии Медицинского института Белгородского ГНТУ

115093, Москва, ул. Большая Серпуховская, д. 62, тел.: +7 (499) 237-0223

Anatoly I. Khavkin - MD, PhD, Professor.

62, Bolshaya Serpukhovskaya Str., Moscow, 115093; +7 (499) 237-02-23

khavkin@nikid.ruСанкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университетРоссияSaint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical UniversityRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский клинический институт детства; Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университетРоссияResearch Clinical Institute of Childhood; Belgorod State UniversityRussian Federation2026060220262314047Copyright © Каприор Е.В., Рассадина А.И., Ревнова М.О., Попова Л.В., Баирова С.В., Хавкин А.И., 20262026Каприор Е.В., Рассадина А.И., Ревнова М.О., Попова Л.В., Баирова С.В., Хавкин А.И.Kaprior E.V., Rassadina A.I., Revnova M.O., Popova L.V., Bairova S.V., Khavkin A.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/2754

Обоснование. Воспалительные заболевания кишечника (ВЗК) относятся к группе хронических рецидивирующих заболеваний желудочно-кишечного тракта и включают язвенный колит и болезнь Крона. Они сопровождаются воспалением кишечной стенки и приводят к кишечным симптомам (боли в животе, диарея, патологические примеси в стуле) и частым внекишечным проявлениям, включая эндокринные нарушения, поражение опорно-двигательного аппарата, кожи и ее придатков. В настоящее время поддерживается полиэтиологическая концепция развития ВЗК. В патогенезе ключевую роль играет идиопатический аутовоспалительный процесс с вовлечением звеньев как врожденного, так и адаптивного иммунного ответа, на фоне которого значимый вклад вносят изменения качественного и количественного состава кишечного микробиома, нарушение барьерной функции кишечной стенки и генетическая предрасположенность. Среди внекишечных проявлений ВЗК особое внимание уделяется эндокринопатиям, включая поражения щитовидной и поджелудочной желез, нарушения роста, минерального и углеводного обмена. В детской популяции наблюдается рост заболеваемости ВЗК, что определяет необходимость ранней диагностики и знания возрастных особенностей клинической картины. Особый интерес представляют перинатальные факторы риска ВЗК, такие как способ родоразрешения и срок гестации, применение антибактериальной терапии в перинатальный период, пассивное курение матери и ее возраст, которые могут опосредованно влиять на формирование микробиоты и иммунного ответа ребенка. ВЗК и целиакия имеют общую генетическую предрасположенность и схожие иммуноопосредованные механизмы патогенеза, включая нарушение барьерной функции, активацию врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета, микробиомный дисбаланс и перекрывающиеся HLA- и не-HLA-генетические варианты. Обе нозологии характеризуются схожими внекишечными проявлениями (эндокринопатии, задержка физического развития, поражение поджелудочной железы и др.), однако по-прежнему недостаточно данных о специфике течения эндокринных заболеваний при ВЗК и целиакии в детском возрасте, а также о факторах, способствующих их развитию.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) represent a group of chronic relapsing disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and include ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. These conditions are characterized by inflammation of the intestinal wall and lead to intestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and abnormal stool contents, as well as frequent extraintestinal manifestations, including endocrine disorders, musculoskeletal involvement, and lesions of the skin and its appendages. At present, a polyetiological concept of IBD development is widely accepted. The pathogenesis is primarily driven by an idiopathic autoinflammatory process involving both innate and adaptive immune responses, against the background of which alterations in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the gut microbiome, impairment of the intestinal barrier function, and genetic predisposition make a significant contribution. Among extraintestinal manifestations of IBD, particular attention is paid to endocrinopathies, including disorders of the thyroid and pancreas, growth disturbances, and abnormalities of mineral and carbohydrate metabolism. The incidence of IBD is increasing in the pediatric population, which underscores the need for early diagnosis and awareness of age-specific clinical features. Of particular interest are perinatal risk factors for IBD, such as mode of delivery and gestational age, exposure to antibacterial therapy during the perinatal period, maternal passive smoking, and maternal age, which may indirectly influence the development of the child’s microbiota and immune response. IBD and celiac disease share a common genetic predisposition and similar immune-mediated pathogenic mechanisms, including disruption of barrier function, activation of innate and adaptive immunity, microbiome imbalance, and overlapping HLA and non-HLA genetic variants. Both conditions are characterized by comparable extraintestinal manifestations, such as endocrinopathies, delayed physical development, and pancreatic involvement. However, in childhood, data on the specific features of endocrine disorders associated with IBD and celiac disease, as well as on factors contributing to their development, remain limited.

воспалительные заболевания кишечникадетищитовидная железаожирениецелиакияinflammatory bowel diseaseschildrenthyroid glandobesityceliac diseaseОтсутствуетNot specifiedReferencesЯблокова Е.А., Джабарова А.К., Лохматов М.М. и др. Внекишечные проявления воспалительных заболеваний кишечника у детей // Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. — 2023. — Т. 209. — № 1. — С. 165–177. — doi: https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-209-1-165-177Yablokova EA, Dzhabarova AK, Lokhmatov MM, et al. Extraintestinal manifestations in infl ammatory bowel diseases in children, a modern view of the problem. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2023;1(1):165–177. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-209-1-165-177Хавкин А.И., Николайчук К. М., Шрайнер Е. В. идр. Современные представления об этиологии и патогенезе воспалительных заболеваний кишечника (Часть 1): роль иммунной системы, генетических и эпигенетических факторов // Экспериментальная И клиническая гастроэнтерология. — 2023. — № 12. — С. 148–163. — doi: https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658ecg-220-12-148-163Khavkin AI, Nikolaychuk KM, Shrayner EV, et al. Current understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (Part 1): the role of the immune system, genetic and epigenetic factors. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2023;(12):148–163. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-220-12-148-163Бикбавова Г.Р., Ливзан М.А., Шмурыгина Е.А. Ожирение и воспалительные заболевания кишечника: есть ли взаимосвязь? // Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. — 2020. — № 10. — С. 133–141. — doi: https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-182-10-133-141Bikbavova GR, Livzan MA, Shmurygina EA. Obesity and infl ammatory bowel disease: is there a link? Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2020;(10):133–141. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-182-10-133-141Бикбавова Г.Р., Ливзан М.А., Шмурыгина Е.А., Михалева Л.В. Избыточный вес и ожирение у больного язвенным колитом: встречаемость и ассоциации // Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. — 2020. — № 10. — С. 33–38. — doi: https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-182-10-33-38Bikbavova GR, Livzan MA, Shmurygina ЕA, Mihaleva LV. Overweight and obesity in patients with ulcerative colitis: prevalence and associations. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2020;(10): 33–38. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658ecg-182-10-33-38Fenneman AC, Bruinstroop E, Nieuwdorp M, et al. A comprehensive review of thyroid hormone metabolism in the gut and its clinical implications. Thyroid. 2023;33(1):32–44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2022.0491Fenneman AC, Bruinstroop E, Nieuwdorp M, et al. A comprehensive review of thyroid hormone metabolism in the gut and its clinical implications. Thyroid. 2023;33(1):32–44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2022.0491Kyriacou A, McLaughlin J, Syed AA. Thyroid disorders and gastrointestinal and liver dysfunction: A state of the art review. Eur J Intern Med. 2015;26(8):563–571. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2015.07.017Kyriacou A, McLaughlin J, Syed AA. Thyroid disorders and gastrointestinal and liver dysfunction: A state of the art review. Eur J Intern Med. 2015;26(8):563–571. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2015.07.017Ejtahed HS, Angoorani P, Soroush AR, et al. Our little friends with big roles: alterations of the gut microbiota in thyroid disorders. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2020;20(3):344–350. doi: https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530319666190930110605Ejtahed HS, Angoorani P, Soroush AR, et al. Our little friends with big roles: alterations of the gut microbiota in thyroid disorders. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2020;20(3):344–350. doi: https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530319666190930110605Knezevic J, Starchl C, TmavaBerisha A, Amrein K. Thyroidgut-axis: how does the microbiota influence thyroid function? Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1769. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061769Knezevic J, Starchl C, TmavaBerisha A, Amrein K. Thyroidgut-axis: how does the microbiota influence thyroid function? Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1769. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061769Jarnerot G, Azad Khan AK, Truelove SC. The thyroid in ulverative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Enlargement and hyperthyroidism in ulcerative colitis. Acta Med Scand. 1975;197(1-2):83–87. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1975.tb04882Jarnerot G, Azad Khan AK, Truelove SC. The thyroid in ulverative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Enlargement and hyperthyroidism in ulcerative colitis. Acta Med Scand. 1975;197(1-2):83–87. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1975.tb04882Levi Z, Fraser E, Krongrad R, et al. Factors associated with radiation exposure in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;30(11-12):1128–1136. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04140Levi Z, Fraser E, Krongrad R, et al. Factors associated with radiation exposure in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;30(11-12):1128–1136. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04140Wadhwa V, Lopez R, Shen B. Crohn’s disease is associated with the risk for thyroid cancer. Inflammation Bowel Dis. 2016;22(12):2902–2906. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/MIB.0000000000000963Wadhwa V, Lopez R, Shen B. Crohn’s disease is associated with the risk for thyroid cancer. Inflammation Bowel Dis. 2016;22(12):2902–2906. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/MIB.0000000000000963Bianchi GP, Marchesini G, Gueli C, Zoli M. Thyroid involvement in patients with active inflammatory bowel diseases. Ital J Gastroenterol. 1995;27(6):291–295.Bianchi GP, Marchesini G, Gueli C, Zoli M. Thyroid involvement in patients with active inflammatory bowel diseases. Ital J Gastroenterol. 1995;27(6):291–295.Ghersin I, Khateeb N, Katz LH, et al. Comorbidities in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease: findings from a populationbased cohort study. Pediatr Res. 2020;87(7):1256–1262. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-019-0702-3Ghersin I, Khateeb N, Katz LH, et al. Comorbidities in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease: findings from a populationbased cohort study. Pediatr Res. 2020;87(7):1256–1262. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-019-0702-3Jølving LR, Zegers FD, Lund K, et al. Children and Adolescents Diagnosed With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Are at Increased Risk of Developing Diseases With a Possible Autoimmune Pathogenesis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2025;31(1):87–94. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izae047Jølving LR, Zegers FD, Lund K, et al. Children and Adolescents Diagnosed With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Are at Increased Risk of Developing Diseases With a Possible Autoimmune Pathogenesis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2025;31(1):87–94. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izae047Lu S, Gong J, Tan Y, Liu D. Epidemiologic Association between Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: a Meta-Analysis. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2020;29(3):407–413. doi: https://doi.org/10.15403/jgld-798Lu S, Gong J, Tan Y, Liu D. Epidemiologic Association between Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: a Meta-Analysis. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2020;29(3):407–413. doi: https://doi.org/10.15403/jgld-798Massironi S, Fanetti I, Viganò C, et al. Systematic reviewpancreatic involvement in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2022;55(12):1478–1491. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16949Massironi S, Fanetti I, Viganò C, et al. Systematic reviewpancreatic involvement in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2022;55(12):1478–1491. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16949Takahashi K, Anno T, Matsuda A, et al. Case Report: Onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis and Sjogren’s Syndrome Under Euthyroid Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:836102. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.836102Takahashi K, Anno T, Matsuda A, et al. Case Report: Onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis and Sjogren’s Syndrome Under Euthyroid Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:836102. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.836102Ахмедов В.А., Гаус О.В. Поражение поджелудочной железы и воспалительные заболевания кишечника: случайное или закономерное сочетание? // Терапевтический архив. — 2020. — Т. 92. — № 1. — С. 76–81. — doi: https://doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2020.01.000463Akhmedov VA, Gaus OV. Pancreatic diseases and inflammatory bowel diseases: a random or regular combination? Therapeutic Archive. 2020;92(1):76–81. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2020.01.000463Дроздова С.Н., Корниенко Е.А. Поражение поджелудочной железы при воспалительных заболеваниях кишечника // Медицина: теория и практика. — 2024. — Т. 9. — № 3. — С. 56–62. — doi: https://doi.org/10.56871/MTP.2024.66.59.007Drozdova SN, Kornienko EA. Damage to the pancreas in inflammatory bowel diseases. Medicine: Theory and Practice. 2024;9(3):56–62. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.56871/MTP.2024.66.59.007Su T, Gan Y, Ma S, et al. Graves’ disease and the risk of five autoimmune diseases: A Mendelian randomization and colocalization study. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2024;18(5):103023. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103023Su T, Gan Y, Ma S, et al. Graves’ disease and the risk of five autoimmune diseases: A Mendelian randomization and colocalization study. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2024;18(5):103023. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103023Calcaterra V, Penagini F, Rossi V, et al. Thyroid disorders and inflammatory bowel disease: an association present in adults but also in children and adolescents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025;16:1425241. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1425241Calcaterra V, Penagini F, Rossi V, et al. Thyroid disorders and inflammatory bowel disease: an association present in adults but also in children and adolescents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025;16:1425241. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1425241Xian W, Wu D, Liu B, et al. Graves Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;108(5):1075–1083. doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgac683Xian W, Wu D, Liu B, et al. Graves Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;108(5):1075–1083. doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgac683Dore MP, Fanciulli G, Manca A, et al. Clinically relevant thyroid disorders and inflammatory bowel disease are inversely related: a retrospective case-control study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2021;56(2):171–176. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00365521.2020.1861323Dore MP, Fanciulli G, Manca A, et al. Clinically relevant thyroid disorders and inflammatory bowel disease are inversely related: a retrospective case-control study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2021;56(2):171–176. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00365521.2020.1861323Jain A, Bricker J, Kappelman MD, Dotson JL. Overweight and Obese Status Is Not Associated With Disease Activity for Children and Adolescents With Newly Diagnosed Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022;117(7):1146–1153. doi: https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000001803Jain A, Bricker J, Kappelman MD, Dotson JL. Overweight and Obese Status Is Not Associated With Disease Activity for Children and Adolescents With Newly Diagnosed Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022;117(7):1146–1153. doi: https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000001803Завьялова А.Н., Турун Д.П., Шелковникова Д.А. и др. Жировая масса и фазовый угол — важные параметры оценки компонентного состава тела у детей с болезнью Крона // Медицина: теория и практика. — 2024. — Т. 9. — № 3. — С. 11–20. — doi: https://doi.org/10.56871/MTP.2024.57.76.002Zavyalova AN, Turun DP, Shelkovnikova DA, et al. Fat mass and phase angle — important parameters for assessing body composition in children with Crohn’s disease. Medicine: Theory and Practice. 2024;9(3):11–20. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.56871/MTP.2024.57.76.002Sehgal P, Shen B, Li J, Freedberg DE. Obesity among those newly diagnosed with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis compared with the general population. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2022;14(4):319–325. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/flgastro-2022-102276Sehgal P, Shen B, Li J, Freedberg DE. Obesity among those newly diagnosed with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis compared with the general population. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2022;14(4):319–325. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/flgastro-2022-102276Johnson AM, Loftus EV. Obesity in inflammatory bowel disease: A review of its role in the pathogenesis, natural history, and treatment of IBD. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2021;27(4):183–190. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/sjg.sjg_30_21Johnson AM, Loftus EV. Obesity in inflammatory bowel disease: A review of its role in the pathogenesis, natural history, and treatment of IBD. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2021;27(4):183–190. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/sjg.sjg_30_21Räisänen L, Viljakainen H, Sarkkola C, et al. Perinatal risk factors for pediatric onset type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroiditis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Eur J Pediatr. 2021;180:2115–212. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-021-03987-3Räisänen L, Viljakainen H, Sarkkola C, et al. Perinatal risk factors for pediatric onset type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroiditis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Eur J Pediatr. 2021;180:2115–212. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-021-03987-3Spangmose AL, Jørgensen MH, Jakobsen C, et al. Preand perinatal exposures associated with developing pediatric-onset immune-mediated inflammatory disease: A Danish nation-wide cohort study. J Autoimmun. 2023;136:103032. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103032Spangmose AL, Jørgensen MH, Jakobsen C, et al. Preand perinatal exposures associated with developing pediatric-onset immune-mediated inflammatory disease: A Danish nation-wide cohort study. J Autoimmun. 2023;136:103032. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103032Räisänen LK, Kääriäinen SE, Sund R, et al. Antibiotic exposures and the development of pediatric autoimmune diseases: a registerbased case–control study. Pediatr Res. 2023;93(4):1096–1104. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-022-02188-4Räisänen LK, Kääriäinen SE, Sund R, et al. Antibiotic exposures and the development of pediatric autoimmune diseases: a registerbased case–control study. Pediatr Res. 2023;93(4):1096–1104. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-022-02188-4Barbara G, Barbaro MR, Fuschi D, et al. Inflammatory and Microbiota-Related Regulation of the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier. Front Nutr. 2021;8:718356. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.718356Barbara G, Barbaro MR, Fuschi D, et al. Inflammatory and MicrobiotaRelated Regulation of the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier. Front Nutr. 2021;8:718356. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.718356Wan C, Ji T, Wang L, et al. Exploring the molecular mechanisms and shared gene signatures between celiac disease and ulcerative colitis based on bulk RNA and single-cell sequencing: Experimental verification. Int Immunopharmacol. 2024;133:112059. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112059Wan C, Ji T, Wang L, et al. Exploring the molecular mechanisms and shared gene signatures between celiac disease and ulcerative colitis based on bulk RNA and single-cell sequencing: Experimental verification. Int Immunopharmacol. 2024;133:112059. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112059Целиакия у детей и взрослых / под ред С.В. Бельмера, М.О. Ревновой. — М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2024. — 296 с. [Tseliakiya u detei i vzroslykh. Belmer SV, Revnova MO, eds. Moscow: GEOTARMedia; 2024. 296 p. (In Russ).]Tseliakiya u detei i vzroslykh. Belmer SV, Revnova MO, eds. Moscow: GEOTARMedia; 2024. 296 p. (In Russ).Pinto-Sanchez MI, Seiler CL, Santesso N, et al. Association Between Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterology. 2020;159(3):884–903.e31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.016Pinto-Sanchez MI, Seiler CL, Santesso N, et al. Association Between Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterology. 2020;159(3):884–903.e31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.016Mårild K, Söderling J, Lebwohl B, et al. Association of Celiac Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022;117(9):1471–1481. doi: https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000001834Mårild K, Söderling J, Lebwohl B, et al. Association of Celiac Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide RegisterBased Cohort Study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022;117(9):1471–1481. doi: https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000001834Lungaro L, Costanzini A, Manza F, et al. Celiac Disease: A Forty-Year Analysis in an Italian Referral Center. Nutrients. 2024;16(14):2292. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142292Lungaro L, Costanzini A, Manza F, et al. Celiac Disease: A Forty-Year Analysis in an Italian Referral Center. Nutrients. 2024;16(14):2292. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142292Liu Y, Yao N, Wang Y, et al. The association of gluten-free diet with thyroid autoimmunity in patients with celiac disease: a metaanalysis. Food Funct. 2024;15(3):1089–1098. doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/d3fo01573dLiu Y, Yao N, Wang Y, et al. The association of gluten-free diet with thyroid autoimmunity in patients with celiac disease: a metaanalysis. Food Funct. 2024;15(3):1089–1098. doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/d3fo01573dGardner JA, Johnson RK, Dong F, et al. Gluten intake and risk of thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies in the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study In the Young (DAISY). Endocrine. 2020;70(2):331–337. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-020-02412-3Gardner JA, Johnson RK, Dong F, et al. Gluten intake and risk of thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies in the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study In the Young (DAISY). Endocrine. 2020;70(2):331–337. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-020-02412-3Légeret C, Kutz A, Jessica B, et al. Prevalence of markers of beta cell autoimmunity and thyroid disease in children with coeliac disease. BMC Pediatr. 2023;23(1):468. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04294-6Légeret C, Kutz A, Jessica B, et al. Prevalence of markers of beta cell autoimmunity and thyroid disease in children with coeliac disease. BMC Pediatr. 2023;23(1):468. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04294-6Gupta V, Singh A, Makharia GK. Prevalence of auto-antibodies and autoimmune disorders in patients with celiac disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2020;55(7):785. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00365521.2020.1785544Gupta V, Singh A, Makharia GK. Prevalence of auto-antibodies and autoimmune disorders in patients with celiac disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2020;55(7):785. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00365521.2020.1785544Basaran MK, Gurkan O. Analysis of Thyroid Gland Problems with Shear Wave Elastography in Children with Celiac Disease. Curr Med Imaging. 2022;18(10):1106–1112. doi: https://doi.org/10.2174/1573405618666220324113359Basaran MK, Gurkan O. Analysis of Thyroid Gland Problems with Shear Wave Elastography in Children with Celiac Disease. Curr Med Imaging. 2022;18(10):1106–1112. doi: https://doi.org/10.2174/1573405618666220324113359Singh M, Wambua S, Lee SI, et al. Autoimmune diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes: an umbrella review. Lancet. 2023;402 Suppl 1:S84. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02128-1Singh M, Wambua S, Lee SI, et al. Autoimmune diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes: an umbrella review. Lancet. 2023;402 Suppl 1:S84. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02128-1Fedewa MV, Bentley JL, Higgins S, et al. Celiac Disease and Bone Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Densitom. 2020;23(2):200–211. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2019.02.003Fedewa MV, Bentley JL, Higgins S, et al. Celiac Disease and Bone Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis. J Clin Densitom. 2020;23(2):200–211. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2019.02.003Cucinotta U, Romano C, Dipasquale V. Pancreatic Associated Manifestations in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Genes (Basel). 2021;12(9):1372. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12091372Cucinotta U, Romano C, Dipasquale V. Pancreatic Associated Manifestations in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Genes (Basel). 2021;12(9):1372. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12091372Inoue S, Ito K, Zaha K, et al. Usefulness of Fecal Calprotectin Measurement in a Pediatric Patient with Crohn’s Disease. Fukushima J Med Sci. 2025;71(1):57–61. doi: https://doi.org/10.5387/fms.23-00005Inoue S, Ito K, Zaha K, et al. Usefulness of Fecal Calprotectin Measurement in a Pediatric Patient with Crohn’s Disease. Fukushima J Med Sci. 2025;71(1):57–61. doi: https://doi.org/10.5387/fms.23-00005

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.