ppharmПедиатрическая фармакологияPediatric pharmacology1727-57762500-3089Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»10.15690/pf.v22i6.2981ppharm-2733Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWПерспективы использования мультиомиксных технологий в изучении расстройств аутистического спектраMulti-Omics Technologies Perspectives in Studying of Autism Spectrum Disordershttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3167-082XУстиноваН. В.UstinovaNatalia V.

Устинова Наталия Вячеславовна - доктор медицинских наук, заведующая отделом социальной педиатрии и организации мультидисциплинарного сопровождения НИИ педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей НКЦ №2 ФГБНУ «РНЦХ им. акад. Б.В. Петровского».

119333, Москва, ул. Фотиевой, д. 10, стр. 1, тел.: +7 (499) 137-01-97

MD, PhD.

10, Fotieva Str., building 1, Moscow, 119333

ust-doctor@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-0440-2715ГорбуноваЕ. А.GorbunovaElena A.

Горбунова Елена Алексеевна - к.м.н.

Москва

MD, PhD.

Moscow

lema020817@gmail.comНИИ педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей НКЦ №2 ФГБНУ «РНЦХ им. акад. Б.В. Петровского»; Научно-практический центр психического здоровья детей и подростков им. Г.Е. СухаревойРоссияPediatrics and Child Health Research Institute in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery; Scientific and Practical Center for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents named after G.E. SukharevaRussian FederationНИИ педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей НКЦ №2 ФГБНУ «РНЦХ им. акад. Б.В. Петровского»РоссияPediatrics and Child Health Research Institute in Petrovsky National Research Centre of SurgeryRussian Federation202520012026226727731Copyright © Устинова Н.В., Горбунова Е.А., 20262026Устинова Н.В., Горбунова Е.А.Ustinova N.V., Gorbunova E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/2733

Расстройства аутистического спектра (РАС) — группа расстройств психологического развития, характеризующаяся высокой гетерогенностью как фенотипических, так и лежащих в их основе биологических механизмов. На сегодняшний день нет единой концепции этиологии и патогенеза РАС, однако во многих исследованиях говорится о комплексном воздействии генетических, эпигенетических и экспосомальных факторов на нарушение нейроразвития у детей. Несмотря на активное изучение проблемы аутизма, в настоящее время терапевтические подходы при РАС являются симптоматическими. Высокая степень этиопатогенетических и клинических различий диктует необходимость поиска новых методов исследования аутизма. Рост количества людей с РАС во всем мире в последние десятилетия, трудности ранней диагностики, своевременной постановки диагноза и терапии требуют более глубокого, всестороннего изучения проблемы РАС с применением инновационных методов исследования. Настоящий обзор посвящен мультиомике — интегративному подходу к анализу данных, полученных с применением высокотехнологичных омиксных исследований (геномики, транскриптомики, эпигеномики, протеомики, метаболомики и микробиомики), применение которого даст возможность лучше понять этиопатогенетические механизмы развития и разработать персонализированные стратегии диагностики и лечения аутизма.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of psychological development disorders characterized by high heterogeneity of phenotypical and underlying biological mechanisms. To this date, there is no single concept of ASD etiology and pathogenesis; however, many studies discuss complex impact of genetic, epigenetiс, and exposomal factors on impaired neurodevelopment in children. Currently therapeutic approaches for ASD are symptomatic despite the dynamic research of autism issue. The high degree of etiopathogenetic and clinical differences dictates the need to find new methods for studying autism. Increasing number of people with ASD worldwide in recent decades, challenging early diagnosis, timely diagnosis and therapy require deeper, comprehensive study of ASD with innovative research methods. This review focuses on multi-omics — integrative approach to analysis of data obtained via high-tech omix studies (genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics). Its implementation will provide the opportunity for better understanding of etiopathogenetic mechanisms and development of personalized strategies for autism diagnosis and management.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.