<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ppharm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Педиатрическая фармакология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pediatric pharmacology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1727-5776</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/pf.v22i5.2970</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ppharm-2702</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Альтерации цикла «сон – бодрствование» у детей и подростков с расстройствами аутистического спектра (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sleep-wake Cycle Alterations in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders (Narrative Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-2563</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рычкова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rychkova</surname><given-names>Lyubov V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рычкова Любовь Владимировна, д.м.н., профессор</p><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liubov V. Rychkova, MD, PhD, Professor</p><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iphr@sbamsr.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3423-7260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мадаева</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Madaeva</surname><given-names>Irina M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мадаева Ирина Михайловна, д.м.н.</p><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina M. Madaeva, MD, PhD</p><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nightchild@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-6543</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердина</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdina</surname><given-names>Olga N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бердина Ольга Николаевна, д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории сомнологии и нейрофизиологии</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, д. 16, телефон: +7 (3952) 20-76-36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga N. Berdina, MD, PhD</p><p>16, Timiryazeva Str., Irkutsk, 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">goodnight_84@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черкашина</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherkashina</surname><given-names>Diana G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черкашина Диана Геннадьевна</p><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Diana G. Cherkashina, MD</p><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">diana-mikhaylova00@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>615</fpage><lpage>623</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рычкова Л.В., Мадаева И.М., Бердина О.Н., Черкашина Д.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рычкова Л.В., Мадаева И.М., Бердина О.Н., Черкашина Д.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rychkova L.V., Madaeva I.M., Berdina O.N., Cherkashina D.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/2702">https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/2702</self-uri><abstract><p>Расстройства аутистического спектра (РАС) — это гетерогенная группа нарушений нейропсихического развития, характеризующихся отклонениями в социальном взаимодействии, коммуникации и стереотипным поведением. Значительная часть детей и подростков с РАС имеет сопутствующие изменения цикла «сон – бодрствование», например инсомнию, расстройства циркадного ритма, нарушения дыхания во время сна, парасомнии и др. Взаимодействие между РАС и нарушениями сна является многофакторным и двунаправленным. Имеются сведения о биологических, психологических, социально-средовых факторах, которые способствуют формированию проблем со сном, включая сенсорную гиперреактивность, альтерации циркадного ритма мелатонина, генетические мутации, интер- и экстернализирующее поведение, изменение в окружении. Как само заболевание, так и коморбидные состояния (например, синдром дефицита внимания с гиперактивностью, расстройства настроения, эпилепсия), а также лекарственные препараты, используемые для их лечения, часто оказывают негативное влияние на макрои микроструктуру сна. В данном обзоре рассматривается и обсуждается проблема нарушений цикла «сон – бодрствование» у детей с РАС, а именно их распространенность, структура, этиопатогенез, клинические проявления и особенности архитектуры сна, принципы диагностики и варианты лечения. Своевременные выявление и лечение нарушений цикла «сон – бодрствование» у пациентов с РАС могут привести к улучшению не только качества их сна, но и общего функционирования и развития, а также благополучия семьи в целом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are heterogeneous group of neuropsychiatric developmental disorders characterized by abnormal social interactions, communication, and stereotypical behavior. Major part of children and adolescents with ASDs have comorbid sleep-wake cycle alterations such as insomnia, circadian dysregulation, breathing disorders during sleep, parasomnia, etc. The interaction between ASDs and sleep disorders is multifactorial and bidirectional. There is data on biological, psychological, socio-environmental factors that contribute to sleep problems development, including sensory hyperreactivity, alterations of melatonin circadian rhythm, genetic mutations, inter- and externalizing behavior, changes in the environment. Disease itself, comorbid conditions (attention deficient hyperactivity disorder, mood disorders, epilepsy), as well as drugs used to treat them often have negative effects on sleep macro- and microstructure. This review examines and discusses the problem of sleep-wake cycle alterations in children with ASDs, its prevalence, structure, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, sleep architecture features, diagnostic principles, and management options. Timely detection and treatment of sleep-wake cycle alterations in patients with ASDs can lead to improvements not only in their sleep quality, but also in overall functioning and development, as well as in overall family well-being.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>расстройства аутистического спектра</kwd><kwd>сон</kwd><kwd>на рушения сна и циркадных ритмов</kwd><kwd>полисомнография</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>подростки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autism spectrum disorders</kwd><kwd>sleep</kwd><kwd>sleep disorders and circadian dysregulation</kwd><kwd>polysomnography</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>adolescents</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена по государственному заданию в рамках темы НИР «Ключевые закономерности и механизмы формирования нарушений здоровья детей и подростков как основа персонализированного подхода к диагностике, лечению и профилактике в современной педиатрии», 2020–2025 гг. (№ 121022500178-3).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was performed according to the state assignment within the research topic “Key patterns and mechanisms of health disorders development in children and adolescents as the basis for personalized approach to diagnosis, management, and prevention in modern pediatrics”, 2020–2025 (No. 121022500178-3).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Т качук Е.А., Мартынович Н.Н., Рычкова Л.В., Поляков В.М. Проблемы диагностики расстройств аутистического спектра у детей // Тихоокеанский медицинский журнал. — 2020. — Т. 4. — № 82. — С. 35–43. — d oi: https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2020-4-35-43</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Т качук Е.А., Мартынович Н.Н., Рычкова Л.В., Поляков В.М. Проблемы диагностики расстройств аутистического спектра у детей // Тихоокеанский медицинский журнал. — 2020. — Т. 4. — № 82. — С. 35–43. — d oi: https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2020-4-35-43</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баландина О.В., Бондарь Е.А., Власов В.В. и др. Расстройства аутистического спектра: клинические рекомендации. — М.: Минздрав России; 2024. — 98 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Баландина О.В., Бондарь Е.А., Власов В.В. и др. Расстройства аутистического спектра: клинические рекомендации. — М.: Минздрав России; 2024. — 98 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Намазова-Баранова Л.С., Устинова Н.В., Кайтукова Е.В. и др. Пилотный проект «Раннее выявление расстройств аутистического спектра и других нарушений нейроразвития» // Педиатрическая фармакология. — 2024. — Т. 21. — № 5. — С. 470–472. — doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/pf.v21i5.2821</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Намазова-Баранова Л.С., Устинова Н.В., Кайтукова Е.В. и др. Пилотный проект «Раннее выявление расстройств аутистического спектра и других нарушений нейроразвития» // Педиатрическая фармакология. — 2024. — Т. 21. — № 5. — С. 470–472. — doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/pf.v21i5.2821</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hirota T, King BH. Autism spectrum disorder: a review. JAMA. 2023; 329(2):157–168. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.23661</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hirota T, King BH. Autism spectrum disorder: a review. JAMA. 2023; 329(2):157–168. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.23661</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ustinova NV, Namazova-Baranova LS, Basova AYa, et al. The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in the Russian Federation: a retrospective study. Consort Psychiatr. 2022;3(4):28–37. doi: https://doi.org/10.17816/CP211</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ustinova NV, Namazova-Baranova LS, Basova AYa, et al. The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in the Russian Federation: a retrospective study. Consort Psychiatr. 2022;3(4):28–37. doi: https://doi.org/10.17816/CP211</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tkachuk EA, Rychkova LV. Problems in diagnosing autism spectrum disorders in the Irkutsk region. Int J Biomed. 2021;11(3):337–341. doi: https://doi.org/10.21103/Article11(3)_OA9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tkachuk EA, Rychkova LV. Problems in diagnosing autism spectrum disorders in the Irkutsk region. Int J Biomed. 2021;11(3):337–341. doi: https://doi.org/10.21103/Article11(3)_OA9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Долгих В.В., Старовойтова Т.Е., Погодина А.В. и др. Соматическое здоровье детей с аутизмом // Педиатрия. Журнал им. Г.Н. Сперанского. — 2014. — Т. 93. — № 5. — С. 150–153.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Долгих В.В., Старовойтова Т.Е., Погодина А.В. и др. Соматическое здоровье детей с аутизмом // Педиатрия. Журнал им. Г.Н. Сперанского. — 2014. — Т. 93. — № 5. — С. 150–153.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kas MJ, Glennon JC, Buitelaar J, et al. Assessing behavioral and cognitive domains of autism spectrum disorders in rodents: current status and future perspectives. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2014;231(6):1125–1146. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-013-3268-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kas MJ, Glennon JC, Buitelaar J, et al. Assessing behavioral and cognitive domains of autism spectrum disorders in rodents: current status and future perspectives. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2014;231(6):1125–1146. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-013-3268-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sidhu N, Wong Z, Bennett AE, Souders MC. Sleep problems in autism spectrum disorder. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2024;71(2):253– 268. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2024.01.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sidhu N, Wong Z, Bennett AE, Souders MC. Sleep problems in autism spectrum disorder. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2024;71(2):253– 268. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2024.01.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кельмансон И.А. Нарушения сна у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра // Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. — 2015. — № 4. — С. 102–107. — doi: https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro201511541102-107</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кельмансон И.А. Нарушения сна у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра // Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. — 2015. — № 4. — С. 102–107. — doi: https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro201511541102-107</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu X, Hubbard JA, Fabes RA, Adam JB. Sleep disturbances and correlates of children with autism spectrum disorders. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2006;37(2):179–191. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-006-0028-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu X, Hubbard JA, Fabes RA, Adam JB. Sleep disturbances and correlates of children with autism spectrum disorders. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2006;37(2):179–191. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-006-0028-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malow BA, Katz T, Reynolds AM, et al. Characterizing sleep in children with autism spectrum disorders: a multidimensional approach. Sleep. 2006;29(12):1563–1571. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/29.12.1563</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malow BA, Katz T, Reynolds AM, et al. Characterizing sleep in children with autism spectrum disorders: a multidimensional approach. Sleep. 2006;29(12):1563–1571. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/29.12.1563</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buckley AW, Rodriguez AJ, Jennison K, et al. Sleep patterns in children with autism spectrum disorders: a comparison with typically developing children. J Autism Dev Disord. 2010;40(6):741–750. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.03.037</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buckley AW, Rodriguez AJ, Jennison K, et al. Sleep patterns in children with autism spectrum disorders: a comparison with typically developing children. J Autism Dev Disord. 2010;40(6):741–750. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.03.037</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elrod MG, Hood BS. Sleep differences among children with autism spectrum disorders and typically developing peers: a meta-analysis. J Develop Behav Pediatr. 2015;36(3):166–177. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/dbp.0000000000000140</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elrod MG, Hood BS. Sleep differences among children with autism spectrum disorders and typically developing peers: a meta-analysis. J Develop Behav Pediatr. 2015;36(3):166–177. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/dbp.0000000000000140</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mazurek MO, Sohl K. Sleep and behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2016;46(6):1906– 1915. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2723-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazurek MO, Sohl K. Sleep and behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2016;46(6):1906– 1915. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2723-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldman SE, Alder ML, Burgess HJ, et al. Characterizing sleep in adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2017;47(6):1682–1695. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3089-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldman SE, Alder ML, Burgess HJ, et al. Characterizing sleep in adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2017;47(6):1682–1695. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3089-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diaz-Roman A, Zhang J, Delorme R, et al. Sleep in youth with autism spectrum disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis of subjective and objective studies. Meta-Analysis Evid Based Ment Health. 2018;21(4):146–154. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/ebmental-2018-300037</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diaz-Roman A, Zhang J, Delorme R, et al. Sleep in youth with autism spectrum disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis of subjective and objective studies. Meta-Analysis Evid Based Ment Health. 2018;21(4):146–154. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/ebmental-2018-300037</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deliens G, Peigneux P. Sleep-behaviour relationship in children with autism spectrum disorder: methodological pitfalls and insights from cognition and sensory processing. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2019;61(12):1368–1376. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14235</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deliens G, Peigneux P. Sleep-behaviour relationship in children with autism spectrum disorder: methodological pitfalls and insights from cognition and sensory processing. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2019;61(12):1368–1376. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14235</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tomkies A, Johnson RF, Shah G, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea in children with autism. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019;15(10):1469–1476. doi: https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.7978</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tomkies A, Johnson RF, Shah G, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea in children with autism. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019;15(10):1469–1476. doi: https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.7978</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen X, Liu H, Wu Y, et al. Characteristics of sleep architecture in autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis based on polysomnographic research. Psychiatry Res. 2021;296:113677. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113677</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen X, Liu H, Wu Y, et al. Characteristics of sleep architecture in autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis based on polysomnographic research. Psychiatry Res. 2021;296:113677. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113677</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rana M, Kothare S, DeBassio W. The assessment and treatment of sleep abnormalities in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: a review. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021;30(1):25–35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rana M, Kothare S, DeBassio W. The assessment and treatment of sleep abnormalities in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: a review. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021;30(1):25–35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ji Q, Li SJ, Zhao JB, et al. Genetic and neural mechanisms of sleep disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder: a review. Front Psychiatry. 2023;14:1079683. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1079683</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ji Q, Li SJ, Zhao JB, et al. Genetic and neural mechanisms of sleep disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder: a review. Front Psychiatry. 2023;14:1079683. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1079683</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zaffanello M, Piacentini G, Nosetti L, Zoccante L. Sleep disordered breathing in children with autism spectrum disorder: An in-depth review of correlations and complexities. Children (Basel). 2023;10(10):1609. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/children10101609</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaffanello M, Piacentini G, Nosetti L, Zoccante L. Sleep disordered breathing in children with autism spectrum disorder: An in-depth review of correlations and complexities. Children (Basel). 2023;10(10):1609. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/children10101609</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohammed MA, Abdalkhalig EM, Ali IA, et al. Pattern of sleep disorders among children with autism spectrum disorder. BMC Psychiatry. 2024;24(1):539. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-05981-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohammed MA, Abdalkhalig EM, Ali IA, et al. Pattern of sleep disorders among children with autism spectrum disorder. BMC Psychiatry. 2024;24(1):539. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-05981-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adams HL, Matson JL, Jang J. The relationship between sleep problems and challenging behavior among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Res Autism Spectr Disord. 2014;8(9):1024–1030. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adams HL, Matson JL, Jang J. The relationship between sleep problems and challenging behavior among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Res Autism Spectr Disord. 2014;8(9):1024–1030. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бердина О.Н. Роль сна и его нарушений в формировании когнитивных функций в детском возрасте (обзор литературы) // Acta Biomedica Scientifica. — 2014. — Т. 6. — № 100. — С. 115–119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бердина О.Н. Роль сна и его нарушений в формировании когнитивных функций в детском возрасте (обзор литературы) // Acta Biomedica Scientifica. — 2014. — Т. 6. — № 100. — С. 115–119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кожевникова О.В., Намазова-Баранова Л.С., Мытникова Ю.С. и др. Ожирение и нарушения сна у детей // Педиатрическая фармакология. — 2016. — Т. 13. — № 6. — С. 571–576. — doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/pf.v13i6.1671.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кожевникова О.В., Намазова-Баранова Л.С., Мытникова Ю.С. и др. Ожирение и нарушения сна у детей // Педиатрическая фармакология. — 2016. — Т. 13. — № 6. — С. 571–576. — doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/pf.v13i6.1671.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berdina O, Madaeva I, Bolshakova S, et al. Alteration of sleep homeostasis and cognitive impairment in apneic obese adolescents. Sleep Biol Rhythms. 2021;19(3):285–295. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-021-00317-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berdina O, Madaeva I, Bolshakova S, et al. Alteration of sleep homeostasis and cognitive impairment in apneic obese adolescents. Sleep Biol Rhythms. 2021;19(3):285–295. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-021-00317-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belli A, Breda M, Di Maggio C, et al. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders: how do they sleep? Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2022;35(5):345–351. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000790</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belli A, Breda M, Di Maggio C, et al. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders: how do they sleep? Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2022;35(5):345–351. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000790</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rychkova L, Madaeva I, Berdina O, et al. Inadequate sleep habits are associated with obesity in high school children. Russian Pediatric Journal. 2021;2(3):38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rychkova L, Madaeva I, Berdina O, et al. Inadequate sleep habits are associated with obesity in high school children. Russian Pediatric Journal. 2021;2(3):38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang Z, Matsumoto A, Nakayama K, et al. Circadian-relevant genes are highly polymorphic in autism spectrum disorder patients. Brain Dev. 2016;38(1):91–99. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2015.04.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang Z, Matsumoto A, Nakayama K, et al. Circadian-relevant genes are highly polymorphic in autism spectrum disorder patients. Brain Dev. 2016;38(1):91–99. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2015.04.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abel EA, Schwichtenberg AJ, Mannin OR, Marceau K. Brief report: a gene enrichment approach applied to sleep and autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2020;50(5):1834–1840. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-03921-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abel EA, Schwichtenberg AJ, Mannin OR, Marceau K. Brief report: a gene enrichment approach applied to sleep and autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2020;50(5):1834–1840. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-03921-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pagan C, Delorme R, Callebert J, et al. The serotonin-Nacetylserotonin-melatonin pathway as a biomarker for autism spectrum disorders. Transl Psychiatry. 2014;4(11):e479. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2014.120</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pagan C, Delorme R, Callebert J, et al. The serotonin-Nacetylserotonin-melatonin pathway as a biomarker for autism spectrum disorders. Transl Psychiatry. 2014;4(11):e479. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2014.120</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Howes OD, Rogdaki M, Findon JL, et al. Autism spectrum disorder: Consensus guidelines on assessment, treatment and research from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol. 2018;32(1):3–29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881117741766; 36: 2044–55</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Howes OD, Rogdaki M, Findon JL, et al. Autism spectrum disorder: Consensus guidelines on assessment, treatment and research from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol. 2018;32(1):3–29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881117741766; 36: 2044–55</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Z, Li X, Zhang JT, et al. Autism-like behaviours and germline transmission in transgenic monkeys overexpressing MeCP2. Nature. 2016;530:98–102. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16533</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Z, Li X, Zhang JT, et al. Autism-like behaviours and germline transmission in transgenic monkeys overexpressing MeCP2. Nature. 2016;530:98–102. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16533</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Banaschewski T, Bruni O, Fuentes J, et al. Practice tools for screening and monitoring insomnia in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2022;52(8):3758– 3768. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05236-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Banaschewski T, Bruni O, Fuentes J, et al. Practice tools for screening and monitoring insomnia in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2022;52(8):3758– 3768. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05236-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кельмансон И.А. Сон ребенка в онтогенезе и использование стандартизованного опросника для оценки поведения детей во время сна // Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. — 2017. — Т. 62. — № 3. — С. 37–52. — doi: https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2017-62-3-37-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кельмансон И.А. Сон ребенка в онтогенезе и использование стандартизованного опросника для оценки поведения детей во время сна // Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. — 2017. — Т. 62. — № 3. — С. 37–52. — doi: https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2017-62-3-37-52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hatch B, Nordahl CW, Schwichtenberg AJ, et al. Factor structure of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire in young children with and without autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2021;51(9):3126–3137. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04752-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hatch B, Nordahl CW, Schwichtenberg AJ, et al. Factor structure of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire in young children with and without autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2021;51(9):3126–3137. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04752-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berdina O, Madaeva I, Bolshakova S, et al. Applying a translated version of the adolescent sleep habits survey in Russian high school children with obesity. Int J Biomed. 2020;10(1):61–65. doi: https://doi.org/10.21103/Article10(1)_OA10</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berdina O, Madaeva I, Bolshakova S, et al. Applying a translated version of the adolescent sleep habits survey in Russian high school children with obesity. Int J Biomed. 2020;10(1):61–65. doi: https://doi.org/10.21103/Article10(1)_OA10</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гнездицкий В.В., Корепина О.С., Карлов В.А., Новоселова Г.Б. Патологические знаки эпилептической и неэпилептической природы, выявляемые при бодрствовании и во сне во время амбулаторного и палатного мониторинга ЭЭГ: проблемы интерпретации // Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния. — 2017. — Т. 9. — № 2. — С. 30–40. — doi: https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333.2017.9.2.030-040.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гнездицкий В.В., Корепина О.С., Карлов В.А., Новоселова Г.Б. Патологические знаки эпилептической и неэпилептической природы, выявляемые при бодрствовании и во сне во время амбулаторного и палатного мониторинга ЭЭГ: проблемы интерпретации // Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния. — 2017. — Т. 9. — № 2. — С. 30–40. — doi: https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333.2017.9.2.030-040.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mansukhani MP, Dhankikar S, Kotagal S, Kolla BP. The influence of antidepressants and actigraphy-derived sleep characteristics on pediatric multiple sleep latency testing. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(11):2179–2185. doi: https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.9338</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mansukhani MP, Dhankikar S, Kotagal S, Kolla BP. The influence of antidepressants and actigraphy-derived sleep characteristics on pediatric multiple sleep latency testing. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(11):2179–2185. doi: https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.9338</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жукова М.А. Особенности ЭЭГ-ритмов у людей с РАС // Психологическая наука и образование. — 2016. — Т. 21. — № 3. — C. 47–55. — doi: https://doi.org/10.17759/pse.2016210306.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Жукова М.А. Особенности ЭЭГ-ритмов у людей с РАС // Психологическая наука и образование. — 2016. — Т. 21. — № 3. — C. 47–55. — doi: https://doi.org/10.17759/pse.2016210306.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Старовойтова Т.Е., Долгих В.В., Михнович В.И. и др. Электрический эпилептический статус сна (клиническое наблюдение) // Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. — 2014. — Т. 114. — № 4-2. — С. 8–10</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Старовойтова Т.Е., Долгих В.В., Михнович В.И. и др. Электрический эпилептический статус сна (клиническое наблюдение) // Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. — 2014. — Т. 114. — № 4-2. — С. 8–10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lewine JD, Andrews R, Chez M, et al. Interictal epileptiform activity in autism spectrum disorders: Relationship to sleep and clinical features. Epilepsy Behav. 2019;92:45–52. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.12.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lewine JD, Andrews R, Chez M, et al. Interictal epileptiform activity in autism spectrum disorders: Relationship to sleep and clinical features. Epilepsy Behav. 2019;92:45–52. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.12.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farmer CA, Chilakamarri P, Thurm AE, et al. Spindle activity in young children with autism, developmental delay, or typical development. Neurology. 2018;91(2):e112–e122. doi: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000005759</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farmer CA, Chilakamarri P, Thurm AE, et al. Spindle activity in young children with autism, developmental delay, or typical development. Neurology. 2018;91(2):e112–e122. doi: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000005759</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бердина О.Н., Мадаева И.М., Поляков В.М., Рычкова Л.В. Альтерация ЭЭГ-паттерна сна как специфический маркер нейропластичности у интеллектуально одаренных школьников // Медицинский академический журнал. — 2021. — Т. 21. — № 4. — С. 7–16. — doi: https://doi.org/10.17816/MAJ65945.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бердина О.Н., Мадаева И.М., Поляков В.М., Рычкова Л.В. Альтерация ЭЭГ-паттерна сна как специфический маркер нейропластичности у интеллектуально одаренных школьников // Медицинский академический журнал. — 2021. — Т. 21. — № 4. — С. 7–16. — doi: https://doi.org/10.17816/MAJ65945.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tononi G, Cirelli C. Sleep and the price of plasticity: from synaptic and cellular homeostasis to memory consolidation and integration. Neuron. 2014;81(1):12–34. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2013.12.025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tononi G, Cirelli C. Sleep and the price of plasticity: from synaptic and cellular homeostasis to memory consolidation and integration. Neuron. 2014;81(1):12–34. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2013.12.025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berdina O, Madaeva I, Rychkova L. Sleep EEG pattern in childhood: from newborn through adolescent. Eur Phys J Spec Top. 2024;233(3):705–716. doi: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-01071-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berdina O, Madaeva I, Rychkova L. Sleep EEG pattern in childhood: from newborn through adolescent. Eur Phys J Spec Top. 2024;233(3):705–716. doi: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-01071-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kotagal S, Malow B, Spruyt K, et al. Melatonin use in managing insomnia in children with autism and other neurogenetic disorders — an assessment by the international pediatric sleep association (IPSA). Sleep Med. 2024;119:222–228. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2024.04.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotagal S, Malow B, Spruyt K, et al. Melatonin use in managing insomnia in children with autism and other neurogenetic disorders — an assessment by the international pediatric sleep association (IPSA). Sleep Med. 2024;119:222–228. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2024.04.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang JJ, Imamura T, Lee J, et al. Continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnea in children. Can Fam Physician. 2021;67(1):21–23. doi: https://doi.org/10.46747/cfp.670121</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang JJ, Imamura T, Lee J, et al. Continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnea in children. Can Fam Physician. 2021;67(1):21–23. doi: https://doi.org/10.46747/cfp.670121</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnson CR, Turne KS, Foldes E, et al. Behavioral parent training to address sleep disturbances in young children with autism spectrum disorder: a pilot trial. Sleep Med. 2013;14(10):995–1004. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.05.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnson CR, Turne KS, Foldes E, et al. Behavioral parent training to address sleep disturbances in young children with autism spectrum disorder: a pilot trial. Sleep Med. 2013;14(10):995–1004. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.05.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Устинова Н.В., Намазова-Баранова Л.С. Роль педиатра в раннем определении риска развития, диагностике и медицинском сопровождении детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра // Вопросы современной педиатрии. — 2021. — Т. 20. — № 2. — С. 116–121. — doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v20i2.2255.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Устинова Н.В., Намазова-Баранова Л.С. Роль педиатра в раннем определении риска развития, диагностике и медицинском сопровождении детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра // Вопросы современной педиатрии. — 2021. — Т. 20. — № 2. — С. 116–121. — doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v20i2.2255.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giannotta G, Ruggiero M, Trabacca A. Chronobiology in paediatric neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders: harmonizing care with biological clocks. J Clin Med. 2024;13(24):7737. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247737</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giannotta G, Ruggiero M, Trabacca A. Chronobiology in paediatric neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders: harmonizing care with biological clocks. J Clin Med. 2024;13(24):7737. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247737</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruan H, Eungpinichpong W, Wu H, et al. Medicine insufficient evidence for the efficacy of massage as intervention for autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022;2022:5328320. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5328320</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruan H, Eungpinichpong W, Wu H, et al. Medicine insufficient evidence for the efficacy of massage as intervention for autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022;2022:5328320. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5328320</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan J, Zhang Y, Wang J, et al. Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on sleep structure and quality in children with autism. Front Psychiatry. 2024;15:1413961. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1413961</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan J, Zhang Y, Wang J, et al. Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on sleep structure and quality in children with autism. Front Psychiatry. 2024;15:1413961. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1413961</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горина А.С., Колесниченко Л.С., Михнович В.И. Аминокислоты сыворотки крови и спинно-мозговой жидкости у детей с синдромом Каннера // Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина. — 2012. — № 3. — С. 76–82 .</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Горина А.С., Колесниченко Л.С., Михнович В.И. Аминокислоты сыворотки крови и спинно-мозговой жидкости у детей с синдромом Каннера // Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина. — 2012. — № 3. — С. 76–82.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Almulla AF, Thipakorn Y, Tunvirachaisakul C, Maes M. The tryptophan catabolite or kynurenine pathway in autism spectrum disorder; a systematic review and meta-analysis. Autism Res. 2023;16(12):2302–2315. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3044</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Almulla AF, Thipakorn Y, Tunvirachaisakul C, Maes M. The tryptophan catabolite or kynurenine pathway in autism spectrum disorder; a systematic review and meta-analysis. Autism Res. 2023;16(12):2302–2315. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3044</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бородина Л.Г. Лекарственная терапия расстройств аутистического спектра у детей: опыт зарубежных психофармакологов // Аутизм и нарушения развития. — 2012. — Т. 4. — № 39. — С. 1–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бородина Л.Г. Лекарственная терапия расстройств аутистического спектра у детей: опыт зарубежных психофармакологов // Аутизм и нарушения развития. — 2012. — Т. 4. — № 39. — С. 1–18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поляков В.М., Рычкова Л.В., Белогорова Т.А. и др. Влияние применения L-триптофана на динамику когнитивных функций в комплексной терапии задержек психоречевого развития у детей // Бюллетень сибирской медицины. — 2018. — Т. 17. — № 2. — С. 71–79. — doi: https://doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2018-2-71-79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Поляков В.М., Рычкова Л.В., Белогорова Т.А. и др. Влияние применения L-триптофана на динамику когнитивных функций в комплексной терапии задержек психоречевого развития у детей // Бюллетень сибирской медицины. — 2018. — Т. 17. — № 2. — С. 71–79. — doi: https://doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2018-2-71-79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Beltagi M. Autism medical comorbidities. World J Clin Pediatr. 2021;10(3):15–28. doi: https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v10.i3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Beltagi M. Autism medical comorbidities. World J Clin Pediatr. 2021;10(3):15–28. doi: https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v10.i3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
