ppharmПедиатрическая фармакологияPediatric pharmacology1727-57762500-3089Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»10.15690/pf.v22i4.2948ppharm-2674Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWЗащита против менингококковой инфекции с первых месяцев жизни и без возрастных ограничений — ответ на современные эпидемиологические вызовыProtection against Meningococcal Infection from the First Months of Life and without Age Restrictions — the Response to Modern Epidemiological Challengeshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1382-9403КостиновМ. П.KostinovMikhail P.

Костинов Михаил Петрович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, заведующий кафедрой эпидемиологии и современных технологий вакцинации Института профессионального образования; главный научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией вакцинопрофилактики и иммунотерапии аллергических заболеваний

105064, Москва, Малый Казенный пер., д. 5A, тел.: +7 (495) 741-35-23 

MD, PhD, Professor 

5А, Malyi Kazennyi pereulok, Moscow, 105064, +7 (495) 741-35-23 

monolit.96@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0797-5612ФедосеенкоМ. В.FedoseenkoMarina V.

Федосеенко Марина Владиславовна, к.м.н.  

Москва 

MD, PhD 

titovamarina@mail.ruПервый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет) ; Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. МечниковаРоссияSechenov Moscow Medical Academy ; I.I. Mechnikov Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and SerumsRussian FederationНИИ педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей НКЦ №2 ФГБНУ «РНЦХ им. акад. Б.В. Петровского» ; Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова (Пироговский Университет)РоссияResearch Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery ; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian Federation202506102025224406418Copyright © Костинов М.П., Федосеенко М.В., 20252025Костинов М.П., Федосеенко М.В.Kostinov M.P., Fedoseenko M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/2674

У детей с генерализованной формой менингококковой инфекции (ГФМИ) высок риск возникновения жизнеугрожающих состояний и летальных исходов в течение 24 ч после появления первых симптомов заболевания даже при своевременно начатом лечении. Дети до 5 лет вносят значительный вклад в формирование смертности при ГФМИ, показатель которой в 6 раз превосходит показатель смертности по стране. Данные за 2010–2022 гг. свидетельствуют о том, что 73% всех случаев ГФМИ у детей первого года жизни приходятся на возраст до 9 мес. Это подчеркивает необходимость смещения начала проведения вакцинации против менингококковой инфекции на более ранний возраст — начиная с 6 нед жизни. В Российской Федерации зарегистрирована вакцина МенКвадфи (MenACWY-TT, Санофи), имеющая в своем составе антигены штаммов менингококков A, C, W и Y, наиболее распространенных в стране. При разработке вакцины были применены современные молекулярные технологии, что позволило усилить иммуногенность с сохранением благоприятного профиля безопасности, в том числе при совместном применении с вакцинами против 15 инфекций, и таким образом обеспечить быстрый и выраженный ответ на 6–7-й день после вакцинации и ревакцинации, увеличить длительность иммунной защиты до 7–10 лет при расширении возрастных возможностей применения — у детей с 6 нед жизни, подростков, взрослых и пожилых людей без ограничения возраста. Результаты 23 международных исследований (включая российские) подтверждают, что новая вакцина MenACWY-TT полностью соответствует критериям выбора вакцин для плановой иммунизации против менингококковой инфекции и с раннего младенческого возраста может обеспечить длительную эффективную защиту против ГФМИ.

Children with generalized form of meningococcal infection (GFMI) have a high risk of developing life-threatening conditions and fatal outcomes within 24 hours of the onset of the first symptoms, even with timely treatment. Children under the age of 5 contribute significantly to the mortality rate of GFMI, which is six times higher than the national mortality rate. Data from 2010 to 2022 show that 73% of all cases of GFMI in infants under 9 months of age occur before the age of 9 months. This highlights the need to shift the start of meningococcal vaccination to an earlier age, starting from 6 weeks of life. In the Russian Federation, the MenQuadfi vaccine (MenACWY-TT, Sanofi) is registered, which contains antigens of the most common meningococcal strains A, C, W, and Y. Modern molecular technologies were used in the development of the vaccine, which allowed for increased immunogenicity while maintaining a favorable safety profile, including when used in combination with vaccines against 15 infections, resulting in a rapid and pronounced response on days 6–7 after vaccination and revaccination, as well as an extended duration of immune protection of up to 7–10 years, with expanded age-related applicability for children from 6 weeks of age, adolescents, adults, and the elderly. The results of 23 international studies (including Russian studies) confirm that the new MenACWY-TT vaccine fully meets the criteria for selecting vaccines for routine immunization against meningococcal infection and can provide long-lasting effective protection against GFMI from an early age.

детизаболеваемость менингококковой инфекциейвакцинация против менингококкавакцина MenACWY-TTвакцина МенКвадфиэффективность менингококковых вакцинchildrenincidence of meningococcal infectionvaccination against meningococcusMenACWY-TT vaccineMenQuadfi vaccineeffectiveness of meningococcal vaccinesСтатья подготовлена при поддержке компании АО «Санофи Россия».The article was prepared with the support of Sanofi Russia JSC.ReferencesThompson MJ, Ninis N, Perera R, et al. Clinical recognition of meningococcal disease in children and adolescents. Lancet. 2006;367(9508):397–403. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)67932-4Thompson MJ, Ninis N, Perera R, et al. Clinical recognition of meningococcal disease in children and adolescents. Lancet. 2006;367(9508):397–403. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)67932-4Olbrich KJ, Müller D, Schumacher S, et al. Systematic Review of Invasive Meningococcal Disease: Sequelae and Quality of Life Impact on Patients and Their Caregivers. Infect Dis Ther. 2018;7(4):421– 438. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-018-0213-2Olbrich KJ, Müller D, Schumacher S, et al. Systematic Review of Invasive Meningococcal Disease: Sequelae and Quality of Life Impact on Patients and Their Caregivers. Infect Dis Ther. 2018;7(4):421– 438. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-018-0213-2Shen J, Begum N, Ruiz-Garcia Y, et al. Range of invasive meningococcal disease sequelae and health economic application — a systematic and clinical review. BMC Public Health. 2022 May 31;22(1):1078. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13342-2Shen J, Begum N, Ruiz-Garcia Y, et al. Range of invasive meningococcal disease sequelae and health economic application — a systematic and clinical review. BMC Public Health. 2022 May 31;22(1):1078. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13342-2Давыденко М.А., Чурилова Н.С., Королева И.С. Эпидемиологические проявления гнойного бактериального менингита в Российской Федерации // Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика. — 2024. — Т. 23. — № 5. — С. 33–41. — doi: https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-5-33-41Davydenko MA, Churilova NS, Koroleva IS. Epidemiological Manifestations of Purulent Bacterial Meningitis in the Russian Federation. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2024;23(5):33– 41. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-5-33-41Достижение целей в области борьбы с менингитом на период до 2030 г.: глобальная дорожная карта. — Женева: Всемирная организация здравоохранения; 2021. — 38 с. Доступно по: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/342010/9789240030145-rus.pdf. Ссылка активна на 27.08.2025.Defeating meningitis by 2030: a global road map. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. 38 p. (In Russ). Доступно по: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/342010/9789240030145-rus.pdf. Ссылка активна на 27.08.2025.Постановление Главного государственного санитарного врача Российской Федерации от 28.01.2021 № 4 «Об утверждении санитарных правил и норм СанПиН 3.3686-21 «Санитарноэпидемиологические требования по профилактике инфекци онных болезней».Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2021 No. 4 “Ob utverzhdenii sanitarnykh pravil i norm SanPiN 3.3686-21 “Sanitarnoepidemiologicheskie trebovaniya po profilaktike infektsionnykh boleznei”. (In Russ).О состоянии санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения в Российской Федерации в 2022 году: Государственный доклад. — М.: Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; 2023. — 368 с.O sostoyanii sanitarno-epidemiologicheskogo blagopoluchiya naseleniya v Rossiiskoi Federatsii v 2022 godu: State report. Moscow: Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare; 2023. 368 p. (In Russ).Королева И.С., Королева М.А., Чурилова Н.С. и др. Менингококковая инфекция в современных реалиях // Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни. Актуальные вопросы. — 2023. — Т. 13. — № 2. — С. 34–39. — doi: https://doi.org/10.18565/epidem.2023.13.2.34-9Koroleva IS, Koroleva MA, Churilova NS, et al. Meningococcal infection in modern realities: a narrative review. Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items = Èpidemiologiâ i Infekcionnye Bolezni. Aktual’nye voprosy. 2023;13(2):34–39. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.18565/epidem.2023.13.2.34-9Королева М.А., Грицай М.И., Чурилова Н.С., Королева И.С. Эпидемиологические особенности гнойного бактериального менингита в Российской Федерации на современном этапе // Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика. — 2023. — Т. 22. — № 4. — С. 67–74. — doi: https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-67-74Koroleva MA, Gritsay MI, Churilova NS, Koroleva IS. Epidemiological Features of Purulent Bacterial Meningitis in the Russian Federation at the Present Stage. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2023;22(4):67–74. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-67-74О состоянии санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения в Российской Федерации в 2024 году: Государственный доклад. — М.: Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; 2025. — 424 с.O sostoyanii sanitarnoepidemiologicheskogo blagopoluchiya naseleniya v Rossiiskoi Federatsii v 2024 godu: State report. Moscow: Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare; 2025. 424 p. (In Russ).Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере прав потребителей и благополучия человека (Роспотребнадзор). Документ № 02/12660-2025-27 от 03.07.2025 «Об эпидемиологической ситуации по менингококковой инфекции».Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor). Document No. 02/12660-2025-27 dated 03.07.2025 “Ob epidemiologicheskoi situatsii po meningokokkovoi infektsii”. (In Russ).Менингококковая инфекция и гнойные бактериальные менингиты в Российской Федерации 2023 г.: информационно-аналитический обзор. — Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора РФ; 2024.Meningokokkovaya infektsiya i gnoinye bakterial’nye meningity v Rossiiskoi Federatsii 2023 g.: Information and analytical review. Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor of the Russian Federation; 2024. (In Russ).Государственный реестр лекарственных средств (ГРЛС). Доступно по: grls.minzdrav.gov.ru. Ссылка активна на 10.06.2025.State Register of Medicines. (In Russ). Доступно по: grls.minzdrav.gov.ru. Ссылка активна на 10.06.2025.Менингококковая инфекция и гнойные бактериальные менингиты в Российской Федерации: информационно-аналитические обзоры. — Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора РФ; 2010–2022.Meningokokkovaya infektsiya i gnoinye bakterial’nye meningity v Rossiiskoi Federatsii: Information and analytical review. Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor of the Russian Federation; 2010–2022. (In Russ).Приказ Минздрава России от 06.12.2021 № 1122н «Об утверждении национального календаря профилактических прививок, календаря профилактических прививок по эпидемическим показаниям и порядка проведения профилактических прививок».Order of the Ministry of Health of Russia dated December 06, 2021 No. 1122н “Ob utverzhdenii natsional’nogo kalendarya profilakticheskikh privivok, kalendarya profilakticheskikh privivok po epidemicheskim pokazaniyam i poryadka provedeniya profilakticheskikh privivok”. (In Russ).Менингококковая инфекция у детей: клинические рекомендации. — Минздрав России; 2023. — 72 с.Meningokokkovaya infektsiya u detei: Clinical guidelines. Ministry of Health of Russian Federation; 2023. 72 p. (In Russ).О состоянии санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения в Российской Федерации в 2023 году: Государственный доклад. — М.: Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; 2024. — 364 с.O sostoyanii sanitarnoepidemiologicheskogo blagopoluchiya naseleniya v Rossiiskoi Federatsii v 2023 godu: State report. Moscow: Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare; 2024. 364 p. (In Russ).WHO. Vaccination schedule for Meningococcal disease Available online: https://immunizationdata.who.int/global/wiisedetail-page/vaccination-schedule-for-meningococcal-disease. Accessed on June 26, 2025WHO. Vaccination schedule for Meningococcal disease Available online: https://immunizationdata.who.int/global/wiisedetail-page/vaccination-schedule-for-meningococcal-disease. Accessed on June 26, 2025WHO. Enhanced surveillance of meningitis in Africa. Meningite belt countries dashboard WHO-AFRO. In: Microsoft Power BI. Available online: https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMzExZTUzZDAtMmQ5Ni00YjkxLWFmZmItODljOWZhOTMyM2Y3IiwidCI6ImY2MTBjMGI3LWJkMjQtNGIzOS04MTBiLTNkYzI4MGFmYjU5MCIsImMiOjh9. Accessed on May 25, 2025.WHO. Enhanced surveillance of meningitis in Africa. Meningite belt countries dashboard WHO-AFRO. In: Microsoft Power BI. Available online: https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMzExZTUzZDAtMmQ5Ni00YjkxLWFmZmItODljOWZhOTMyM2Y3IiwidCI6ImY2MTBjMGI3LWJkMjQtNGIzOS04MTBiLTNkYzI4MGFmYjU5MCIsImMiOjh9. Accessed on May 25, 2025.Meningococcal vaccines: WHO position paper on the use of multivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccines in countries of the African meningitis belt. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2024;99(1/2):1–10.Meningococcal vaccines: WHO position paper on the use of multivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccines in countries of the African meningitis belt. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2024;99(1/2):1–10.Borrow R, Findlow J. The important lessons lurking in the history of meningococcal epidemiology. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2024;23(1):445–462. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2024.2329618Borrow R, Findlow J. The important lessons lurking in the history of meningococcal epidemiology. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2024;23(1):445–462. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2024.2329618Cassiolato AP, Camargo CH, Piccoli Cecconi MC, et al. Genomic characterization of invasive meningococcal X isolates from Brazil, 1992–2022. Int Microbiol. 2023;26(3):611–618. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-023-00325-5Cassiolato AP, Camargo CH, Piccoli Cecconi MC, et al. Genomic characterization of invasive meningococcal X isolates from Brazil, 1992–2022. Int Microbiol. 2023;26(3):611–618. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-023-00325-5Fazio C, Starnino S, Dal Soldà M, et al. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X sequence type 2888, Italy. EmergInfect Dis. 2010;16(2):359–360. doi: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1602.091553Fazio C, Starnino S, Dal Soldà M, et al. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X sequence type 2888, Italy. EmergInfect Dis. 2010;16(2):359–360. doi: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1602.091553Tanır G, Ozsurekci Y, Lucidarme J, et al. Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup X ST-5799 (ST-22 complex) in Turkey: A unique pediatric case. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018;14(1):209–212. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2017.1377380Tanır G, Ozsurekci Y, Lucidarme J, et al. Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup X ST-5799 (ST-22 complex) in Turkey: A unique pediatric case. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018;14(1):209–212. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2017.1377380Pan J, Yao P, Zhang H, et al. The case of a new sequence type 7 serogroup X Neisseria meningitidis infection in China: may capsular switching change serogroup profile? Int J Infect Dis. 2014:29:62– 64. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.07.022Pan J, Yao P, Zhang H, et al. The case of a new sequence type 7 serogroup X Neisseria meningitidis infection in China: may capsular switching change serogroup profile? Int J Infect Dis. 2014:29:62– 64. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.07.022Principles and considerations for adding a vaccine to a national immunization programme. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. Available online: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/111548/9789241506892_eng.pdf. Accessed on May 25, 2025.Principles and considerations for adding a vaccine to a national immunization programme. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. Available online: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/111548/9789241506892_eng.pdf. Accessed on May 25, 2025.Намазова-Баранова Л.С., Федосеенко М.В., Баранов А.А. Новые горизонты Национального календаря профилактических прививок // Вопросы современной педиатрии. — 2019. — Т. 18. — № 1. — С. 13–30. — doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v18i1.1988Namazova-Baranova LS, Fedoseenko MV, Baranov AA. New Horizons of National Immunization Calendar. Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2019;18(1):13–30. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v18i1.1988Burchett HE, Mounier-Jack S, Griffiths UK, Mills AJ. National decision-making on adopting new vaccines: a systematic review. Health Policy Plan. 2012;27(Suppl 2):ii62–ii76. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czr049Burchett HE, Mounier-Jack S, Griffiths UK, Mills AJ. National decision-making on adopting new vaccines: a systematic review. Health Policy Plan. 2012;27(Suppl 2):ii62–ii76. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czr049Союз педиатров России. Календарь вакцинации. Доступно по: https://www.pediatr-russia.ru/parents_information/vaktsinatsiya/kalendar-vaktsinatsii/index.php. Ссылка активна на 13.06.2025.Союз педиатров России. Календарь вакцинации. [The Union of Pediatricians of Russia. Vaccination calendar. (In Russ).] Доступно по: https://www.pediatr-russia.ru/parents_information/vaktsinatsiya/kalendar-vaktsinatsii/index.php. Ссылка активна на 13.06.2025.Костинов М.П., Зверев В.В., Свитич О.А., Мухачев И.С. Вакцинация лиц, подлежащих призыву на военную службу // Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика. — 2023. — Т. 22. — № 5. — С. 58–62. — doi: https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-5-58-62Kostinov MP, Zverev VV, Svitich OA, Mukhachev IS. Vaccination of Persons Subject to Call-up for Military Service. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2023;22(5):58– 62. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-5-58-62Вакцинопрофилактика лиц, подлежащих призыву и поступающих по контракту на военную службу: руководство для врачей / под ред. М.П. Костинова, В.В. Зверева, О.А. Свитич. — М.: Группа МДВ; 2024. — 48 с.Vaktsinoprofilaktika lits, podlezhashchikh prizyvu i postupayushchikh po kontraktu na voennuyu sluzhbu: Guide for doctors. Kostinov MP, Zverev VV, Svitich OA, eds. Moscow: Gruppa MDV; 2024. 48 p. (In Russ).Kroger A, Bahta L, Hunter P. General Best Practice Guidelines for Immunization. Best Practices Guidance of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/general-recs/downloads/generalrecs.pdf. Accessed on June 06, 2025.Kroger A, Bahta L, Hunter P. General Best Practice Guidelines for Immunization. Best Practices Guidance of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/general-recs/downloads/generalrecs.pdf. Accessed on June 06, 2025.Menactra. In: U.S. Food & Drug Administration: Official website. Available online: https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/menactra. Accessed on June 06, 2025.Menactra. In: U.S. Food & Drug Administration: Official website. Available online: https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/menactra. Accessed on June 06, 2025.Общая характеристика лекарственного препарата (вакцины) Менактра. Рег. уд. ЛП-№(001763)-(РГ-RU)) от 02.02.2023 // Реестр ОХЛП и ЛВ ЕАЭС: официальный сайт. Доступно по: https://lk.regmed.ru/Register/EAEU_SmPC. Ссылка активна на 28.08.2025.General characteristics of the drug (vaccine) Menactra. Registration certificate ЛП-№(001763)-(РГ-RU) dated February 02, 2023. In: Register of general characteristics of medicinal products (GCHP) and package leaflets (PL) of the EAEU: Official website. (In Russ). Доступно по: https://lk.regmed.ru/Register/EAEU_SmPC. Ссылка активна на 28.08.2025.Meningococcal vaccines: WHO position paper, November 2011. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2011;86(47):521–539.Meningococcal vaccines: WHO position paper, November 2011. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2011;86(47):521–539.Nimenrix: meningococcal groups A, C, W-135 and Y conjugate vaccine. In: European Medicines Agency (EMA): Official website. Available online: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/nimenrix. Accessed on June 10, 2025.Nimenrix: meningococcal groups A, C, W-135 and Y conjugate vaccine. In: European Medicines Agency (EMA): Official website. Available online: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/nimenrix. Accessed on June 10, 2025.MenQuadfi. In: U.S. Food & Drug Administration: Official website. Available online: https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/menquadfi. Accessed on June 10, 2025.MenQuadfi. In: U.S. Food & Drug Administration: Official website. Available online: https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/menquadfi. Accessed on June 10, 2025.Pichichero ME. Protein carriers of conjugate vaccines: characteristics, development, and clinical trials. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2013;9(12):2505–2523. doi: https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.26109Pichichero ME. Protein carriers of conjugate vaccines: characteristics, development, and clinical trials. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2013;9(12):2505–2523. doi: https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.26109Khatun F, Stephenson RJ, Toth I. An Overview of Structural Features of Antibacterial Glycoconjugate Vaccines That Influence Their Immunogenicity. Chemistry. 2017:23(18):4233–4254. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201603599Khatun F, Stephenson RJ, Toth I. An Overview of Structural Features of Antibacterial Glycoconjugate Vaccines That Influence Their Immunogenicity. Chemistry. 2017:23(18):4233–4254. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201603599Fusco PC, Farley EK, Huang CH, et al. Protective meningococcal capsular polysaccharide epitopes and the role of O acetylation. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2007;14(5):577–584. doi: https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00009-07Fusco PC, Farley EK, Huang CH, et al. Protective meningococcal capsular polysaccharide epitopes and the role of O acetylation. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2007;14(5):577–584. doi: https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00009-07Bröker M, Berti F, Costantino P. Factors contributing to the immunogenicity of meningococcal conjugate vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2016;12(7):1808–1824. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2016.1153206Bröker M, Berti F, Costantino P. Factors contributing to the immunogenicity of meningococcal conjugate vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2016;12(7):1808–1824. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2016.1153206Общая характеристика лекарственного препарата (вакцины) МенКвадфи. Рег. уд. ЛП-№(001514)-(РГ-RU) от 07.12.2022 // Реестр ОХЛП и ЛВ ЕАЭС: официальный сайт. Доступно по: https://lk.regmed.ru/Register/EAEU_SmPC. Ссылка активна на 28.08.2025.General characteristics of the drug (vaccine) MenQuadfi. Registration certificate ЛП-№(001514)-(РГ-RU) dated December 07, 2022. In: Register of general characteristics of medicinal products (GCHP) and package leaflets (PL) of the EAEU: Official website. (In Russ). Доступно по: https://lk.regmed.ru/Register/EAEU_SmPC. Ссылка активна на 28.08.2025.Coudeville, L., Bertrand-Gerentes, I., et al. Modeling antibody persistence after MenACYW-TT vaccination and comparative analysis with other quadrivalent meningococcal vaccines. Sci Rep 15, 24990 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08112-0Coudeville, L., Bertrand-Gerentes, I., et al. Modeling antibody persistence after MenACYW-TT vaccination and comparative analysis with other quadrivalent meningococcal vaccines. Sci Rep 15, 24990 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08112-0National library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.Gov. Available online: https://clinicaltrials.gov. Accessed on June 10, 2025.National library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.Gov. Available online: https://clinicaltrials.gov. Accessed on June 10, 2025.Immunogenicity and Safety of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine When Administered Concomitantly With Routine Pediatric Vaccines in Healthy Infants and Toddlers in the US. US ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03537508 (MET42). In: ClinicalTrials. Gov: Website. Available online: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03537508. Accessed on June 10, 2025.Immunogenicity and Safety of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine When Administered Concomitantly With Routine Pediatric Vaccines in Healthy Infants and Toddlers in the US. US ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03537508 (MET42). In: ClinicalTrials. Gov: Website. Available online: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03537508. Accessed on June 10, 2025.Immunogenicity and Safety of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Infants and Toddlers When Administered Concomitantly With Routine Pediatric Vaccines in the United Kingdom. US ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03632720 (MET52). In: ClinicalTrials.Gov: Website. Available online: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03632720. Accessed on June 10, 2025.Immunogenicity and Safety of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Infants and Toddlers When Administered Concomitantly With Routine Pediatric Vaccines in the United Kingdom. US ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03632720 (MET52). In: ClinicalTrials.Gov: Website. Available online: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03632720. Accessed on June 10, 2025.Safety and Immunogenicity of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine When Administered Concomitantly With Routine Pediatric Vaccines in Healthy Infants and Toddlers in the Russian Federation and Mexico (MET33). US ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03630705 (MET33). In: ClinicalTrials.Gov: Website. Available online: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03630705. Accessed on June 10, 2025.Safety and Immunogenicity of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine When Administered Concomitantly With Routine Pediatric Vaccines in Healthy Infants and Toddlers in the Russian Federation and Mexico (MET33). US ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03630705 (MET33). In: ClinicalTrials.Gov: Website. Available online: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03630705. Accessed on June 10, 2025.Immunogenicity and Safety Study of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine Administered Concomitantly With Routine Pediatric Vaccines in Healthy Infants and Toddlers. US ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03691610 (MET61). In: ClinicalTrials. Gov: Website. Available online: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03691610. Accessed on June 10, 2025.Immunogenicity and Safety Study of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine Administered Concomitantly With Routine Pediatric Vaccines in Healthy Infants and Toddlers. US ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03691610 (MET61). In: ClinicalTrials. Gov: Website. Available online: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03691610. Accessed on June 10, 2025.Vesikari T, Borrow R, Forsten A, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoid-conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-TT) in healthy toddlers: a Phase II randomized study. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020;16(6):1306–1312. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1733869Vesikari T, Borrow R, Forsten A, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoid-conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-TT) in healthy toddlers: a Phase II randomized study. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020;16(6):1306–1312. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1733869van der Vliet D, Vesikari T, Sandner B, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoid-conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-TT) vs. a licensed quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoidconjugate vaccine in meningococcal vaccine-naïve and meningococcal C conjugate vaccine-primed toddlers: a phase III randomised study. Epidemiol Infect. 2021;149:e50. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268821000261van der Vliet D, Vesikari T, Sandner B, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoid-conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-TT) vs. a licensed quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoidconjugate vaccine in meningococcal vaccine-naïve and meningococcal C conjugate vaccine-primed toddlers: a phase III randomised study. Epidemiol Infect. 2021;149:e50. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268821000261Knuf M, Rämet M, Breinholt Stærke N, et al. Comparing the meningococcal serogroup C immune response elicited by a tetanus toxoid conjugate quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine (MenACWY- TT) versus a quadrivalent or monovalent C tetanus toxoid conjugate meningococcal vaccine in healthy meningococcal vaccine-naïve toddlers: A randomised, controlled trial. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022;18(5):2052657. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2022.2052657Knuf M, Rämet M, Breinholt Stærke N, et al. Comparing the meningococcal serogroup C immune response elicited by a tetanus toxoid conjugate quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine (MenACWY- TT) versus a quadrivalent or monovalent C tetanus toxoid conjugate meningococcal vaccine in healthy meningococcal vaccine-naïve toddlers: A randomised, controlled trial. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022;18(5):2052657. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2022.2052657Dhingra MS, Namazova-Baranova L, Arredondo-Garcia JL, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoid-conjugate vaccine administered concomitantly with other paediatric vaccines in toddlers: a phase III randomised study. Epidemiol Infect. 2021;149:e90. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268821000698.Dhingra MS, Namazova-Baranova L, Arredondo-Garcia JL, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoid-conjugate vaccine administered concomitantly with other paediatric vaccines in toddlers: a phase III randomised study. Epidemiol Infect. 2021;149:e90. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268821000698.Намазова-Баранова Л.С., Перминова О.А., Романова Т.А. и др. Иммуногенность и безопасность четырехвалентной менингококковой вакцины, конъюгированной со столбнячным анатоксином (MenACWY-TT), при одновременном введении с пневмококковой конъюгированной вакциной здоровым детям раннего возраста в Российской Федерации: рандомизированное исследование фазы II // Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика. — 2022. — Т. 21. — № 6. — С. 65–81. — doi: https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-6-65-81NamazovaBaranova LS, Perminova OA, Romanova TA, et al. Immunogenicity and Safety of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Tetanus Toxoid — Conjugate Vaccine (MenACYW- TT) Administered Concomitantly with Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Healthy Toddlers in the Russian Federation: a Phase III Randomized Study. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2022;21(6):65–81. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-6-65-81Baccarini CI, Simon MW, Brandon D, et al. Safety and Immunogenicity of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Healthy Meningococcal-Naïve Children 2-9 Years of Age: A Phase III, Randomized Study. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39(10):955–960. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000002832Baccarini CI, Simon MW, Brandon D, et al. Safety and Immunogenicity of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Healthy Meningococcal-Naïve Children 2-9 Years of Age: A Phase III, Randomized Study. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39(10):955–960. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000002832Piazza FM, Virta M, Paassilta M, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of an investigational quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine administered as a booster dose in children vaccinated against meningococcal disease 3 years earlier as toddlers: A Phase III, open-label, multi-center study. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022;18(1):1–10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2021.1902701Piazza FM, Virta M, Paassilta M, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of an investigational quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine administered as a booster dose in children vaccinated against meningococcal disease 3 years earlier as toddlers: A Phase III, open-label, multi-center study. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022;18(1):1–10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2021.1902701Martinón-Torres F, Simko R, Ebert R, et al. Five-Year Immune Persistence of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine (MenACWY-TT) and Immunogenicity and Safety of a Booster Dose in Children. Infect Dis Ther. 2025;14(5):991–1010. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-025-01121-6Martinón-Torres F, Simko R, Ebert R, et al. Five-Year Immune Persistence of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine (MenACWY-TT) and Immunogenicity and Safety of a Booster Dose in Children. Infect Dis Ther. 2025;14(5):991–1010. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-025-01121-6Díez-Domingo J, Simkó R, Icardi G, et al. Immunogenicity and Safety of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine Versus Nimenrix in Healthy Adolescents: A Randomized Phase IIIb Multicenter Study. Infect Dis Ther. 2024;13(8):1835–1859. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-024-01009-xDíez-Domingo J, Simkó R, Icardi G, et al. Immunogenicity and Safety of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine Versus Nimenrix in Healthy Adolescents: A Randomized Phase IIIb Multicenter Study. Infect Dis Ther. 2024;13(8):1835–1859. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-024-01009-xÁñez G, Hedrick J, Simon MW, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a booster dose of a quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoidconjugate vaccine (MenACWY-TT) in adolescents and adults: a Phase III randomized study. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020;16(6):1292– 1298. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.173386Áñez G, Hedrick J, Simon MW, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a booster dose of a quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoidconjugate vaccine (MenACWY-TT) in adolescents and adults: a Phase III randomized study. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020;16(6):1292– 1298. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.173386Zambrano B, Peterson J, Deseda C, et al. Quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoid-conjugate booster vaccination in adolescents and adults: phase III randomized study. Pediatr Res. 2023;94(3):1035–1043. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-023-02478-5Zambrano B, Peterson J, Deseda C, et al. Quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoid-conjugate booster vaccination in adolescents and adults: phase III randomized study. Pediatr Res. 2023;94(3):1035–1043. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-023-02478-5Robertson CA, Jacqmein J, Selmani A, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWYTT) administered as a booster to adults aged ≥59 years: A phase III randomized study. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2023;19(1):2160600. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2022.2160600Robertson CA, Jacqmein J, Selmani A, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWYTT) administered as a booster to adults aged ≥59 years: A phase III randomized study. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2023;19(1):2160600. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2022.2160600Покровский В.В., Юрин О.Г., Кравченко А.В. и др. Рекомендации по лечению ВИЧ-инфекции и связанных с ней заболеваний, химиопрофилактике заражения ВИЧ // Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни. Актуальные вопросы. — 2022. — Т. 12. — № S4. — С. 3–107.Pokrovskii VV, Yurin OG, Kravchenko AV, et al. Rekomendatsii po lecheniyu VICh-infektsii i svyazannykh s nei zabolevanii, khimioprofilaktike zarazheniya VICh. Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2022;12(S4):3–107. (In Russ).WHO. WHO recommendations for routine immunization — summary tables. 2024. In: World Health Organization: Official website. Available online: https://www.who.int/teams/immunizationvaccines-and-biologicals/policies/who-recommendations-forroutine-immunization---summary-tables. Accessed on May 10, 2025.WHO. WHO recommendations for routine immunization — summary tables. 2024. In: World Health Organization: Official website. Available online: https://www.who.int/teams/immunizationvaccines-and-biologicals/policies/who-recommendations-forroutine-immunization---summary-tables. Accessed on May 10, 2025.Методические рекомендации по выявлению, расследованию и профилактике побочных проявлений после иммунизации. — М.: Минздрав России; 2019. — 56 с.Metodicheskie rekomendatsii po vyyavleniyu, rassledovaniyu i profilaktike pobochnykh proyavlenii posle immunizatsii. Moscow: Ministry of Health of Russian Federation; 2019. 56 p. (In Russ).Организация паломничества в Саудовскую Аравию: порядок и актуальные вопросы // Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации: официальный сайт. Доступно по: https://mid.ru/ru/foreign_policy/economic_diplomacy/vnesneekonomiceskie-svazisub-ektov-rossijskoj-federacii/1578429. Ссылка активна на 28.03.2025.Organizatsiya palomnichestva v Saudovskuyu Araviyu: poryadok i aktual’nye voprosy. In: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation: Official website. (In Russ). Доступно по: https://mid.ru/ru/foreign_policy/economic_diplomacy/vnesneekonomiceskie-svazisub-ektov-rossijskoj-federacii/1578429. Ссылка активна на 28.03.2025.De Coster I, Fournie X, Faure C, et al. Assessment of preparation time with fully-liquid versus non-fully liquid paediatric hexavalent vaccines. A time and motion study. Vaccine. 2015;33(32):3976–3982. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.030.De Coster I, Fournie X, Faure C, et al. Assessment of preparation time with fully-liquid versus non-fully liquid paediatric hexavalent vaccines. A time and motion study. Vaccine. 2015;33(32):3976–3982. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.030.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.