ppharmПедиатрическая фармакологияPediatric pharmacology1727-57762500-3089Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»10.15690/pf.v22i3.2916ppharm-2648Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWПреждевременная недостаточность яичников у пациенток с аутоиммунными заболеваниямиPremature Ovarian Insufficiency in Patients with Autoimmune Diseaseshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0254-690XКараченцоваИ. В.KarachentsovaIrina V.

Караченцова Ирина Васильевна - кандидат медицинских наук, врач акушер-гинеколог, доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии им. Г.М. Савельевой Института материнства и детства Российского национального исследовательского медицинского университета им. Н.И. Пирогова (Пироговский Университет), главный внештатный специалист гинеколог детского и юношеского возраста Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы.

117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1, стр. 7, тел.: +7 (925) 505-31-04

MD, PhD.

1, Ostrovityanova Str., building 7, Moscow, 117997

5053104@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4540-6341СибирскаяЕ. В.SibirskayaElena V.

Сибирская Елена Викторовна - д.м.н., профессор.

Москва, Долгопрудный

MD, PhD, Professor.

Moscow

elsibirskaya@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-7503-5098КрайноваУ. А.KrainovaUlyana A.

Крайнова Ульяна Александровна – студентка.

Москва

Student

Moscow

2ulinaattempt@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-1988-1918МоспанВ. Д.MospanVeronika D.

Моспан Вероника Дмитриевна – студентка.

Москва

Student

Moscow

mosver21@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6450-3905ЧернышеваМ. Ю.ChernyshevaMariia Yu.

Чернышева Мария Юрьевна

Москва

MD.

Moscow

mariiachernysheva21@gmail.comРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова (Пироговский Университет)РоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian FederationРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова (Пироговский Университет); Центр охраны репродуктивного здоровья подростков Московской области, Долгопрудный; Российская детская клиническая больница; Российский Университет МедициныРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Center for Adolescent Reproductive Health of the Moscow Region; Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital; The Russian University of MedicineRussian Federation202522072025223333340Copyright © Караченцова И.В., Сибирская Е.В., Крайнова У.А., Моспан В.Д., Чернышева М.Ю., 20252025Караченцова И.В., Сибирская Е.В., Крайнова У.А., Моспан В.Д., Чернышева М.Ю.Karachentsova I.V., Sibirskaya E.V., Krainova U.A., Mospan V.D., Chernysheva M.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/2648

Преждевременная недостаточность яичников (ПНЯ), ранее известная как преждевременная менопауза, характеризуется утратой функций яичников у женщин до 40 лет. Клинические проявления этого состояния возникают из-за дефицита эстрогенов и могут включать в себя такие симптомы, как аменорея, олигоменорея, вазомоторная нестабильность (приливы, ночная потливость), нарушения сна, вульвовагинальная атрофия, изменение частоты мочеиспусканий, диспареуния, снижение либидо и общая слабость. В данной статье будут рассмотрены аутоиммунное происхождение ПНЯ и ее связь с другими аутоиммунными заболеваниями. По статистике, от 4 до 30% случаев ПНЯ обусловлены аутоиммунными процессами. ПНЯ часто сопровождается другими аутоиммунными состояниями, такими как болезнь Аддисона, гипотиреоз, болезнь Грейвса, тиреоидит Хашимото и сахарный диабет, хотя может протекать и изолированно. Патогенез ПНЯ связан с гипоэстрогенией и потерей остаточных фолликулов, что ведет к нарушению менструального цикла, бесплодию и снижению качества жизни. Во избежание отдаленных последствий дефицита эстрогенов рекомендуется заместительная гормональная терапия. Изучение причинных факторов ПНЯ, связи данного состояния с другими аутоиммунными заболеваниями и анализ существующих методов ранней диагностики обеспечат более эффективное ведение таких пациенток и повысят шансы на улучшение их фертильной функции.

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), formerly known as premature menopause, is characterized by the loss of ovarian function in women under 40 years of age. The clinical manifestations of this condition arise due to estrogen deficiency and may include symptoms such as amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, vasomotor instability (hot flashes, night sweats), sleep disturbances, vulvovaginal atrophy, changes in urinary frequency, dyspareunia, decreased libido, and general weakness. This article will discuss the autoimmune origin of POI and its relationship with other autoimmune diseases. According to statistics, from 4 to 30% of cases of POI are caused by autoimmune processes. POI often occurs with other autoimmune conditions, such as Addison’s disease, hypothyroidism, Graves’ disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and diabetes mellitus, although it can also occur in isolation. The pathogenesis of POI is associated with hypoestrogenism and the loss of residual follicles, which leads to menstrual cycle disorders, infertility and a decrease in quality of life. To avoid the long-term effects of estrogen deficiency, hormone replacement therapy is recommended. Studying the causative factors of POI, the relationship of this condition with other autoimmune diseases and analyzing existing methods of early diagnosis will ensure more effective management of such patients and increase the chances of improving their fertility.

преждевременная недостаточность яичниковаутоиммунные заболеванияаменореядефицит эстрогеновпреждевременная менопаузаболезнь Аддисонагипотиреоззаместительная гормональная терапияклеточная терапияpremature ovarian insufficiencyautoimmune diseasesamenorrheaestrogen deficiencypremature menopauseAddison’s diseasehypothyroidismhormone replacement therapycell therapyОтсутствуетNot specifiedReferencesVogt EC, Real FG, Husebye ES, et al. Premature menopause and autoimmune primary ovarian insufficiency in two international multicenter cohorts. Endocr Connect. 2022;11(5):e220024. doi: https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0024Vogt EC, Real FG, Husebye ES, et al. Premature menopause and autoimmune primary ovarian insufficiency in two international multicenter cohorts. Endocr Connect. 2022;11(5):e220024. doi: https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0024Табеева Г.И., Шамилова Н.Н., Жахур Н.А. и др. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.