ppharmПедиатрическая фармакологияPediatric pharmacology1727-57762500-3089Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»10.15690/pf.v21i3.2754ppharm-2465Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWПротивовоспалительные эффекты оливкового масла и его компонентов. Перспективы применения в лечении воспалительных заболеваний кишечникаAnti-inflammatory Effects of Olive Oil and Its Components. Prospects of Application in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseaseshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-7280ХавкинА. И.KhavkinAnatoly I.

доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой гастроэнтерологии и диетологии им. А.В. Мазурина, руководитель Московского областного центра детской гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии НИКИ детства Минздрава Московской области, профессор кафедры педиатрии с курсом детских хирургических болезней Медицинского института ФГАОУ ВО НИУ «БелГУ» Минобрнауки России

115093, Москва, ул. Большая Серпуховская, 62, тел.: +7 (499) 237-02-23

MD, PhD, Professor.

62, Bolshaya Serpukhovskaya Str., Moscow, 115093

gastropedclin@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4733-3262НалетовА. В.NalyotovAndrew V.

Налетов Андрей Васильевич - д.м.н., профессор.

Донецк

MD, PhD, Professor.

Donetsk

nalyotov-a@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6687-3494МацынинаМ. А.MatsyninaMaria A.

Мацынина Мария Александровна - к.м.н.

Санкт-Петербург

MD, PhD.

Saint Petersburg

m.matsynina@gmail.comНИКИ детства; НИУ «БелГУ»РоссияResearch Clinical Institute of Childhood; National Research University of the Belgorod State UniversityRussian FederationДонецкий ГМУ им. М. ГорькогоРоссияDonetsk State Medical UniversityRussian FederationСЗГМУ им. И.И. МечниковаРоссияI.I. Mechnikov North-Wesrwn State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202403072024213249255Copyright © Хавкин А.И., Налетов А.В., Мацынина М.А., 20242024Хавкин А.И., Налетов А.В., Мацынина М.А.Khavkin A.I., Nalyotov A.V., Matsynina M.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/2465

В последние годы отмечается значительный рост распространенности воспалительных заболеваний кишечника. Несмотря на значительный прогресс, достигнутый в инструментальной диагностике данной группы заболеваний, их лечение в большинстве случаев остается формализованным, основанным на достаточно жестких схемах. В этом контексте актуальным направлением современных исследований является изучение эффективности использования диетотерапии и определенных продуктов питания в целях модуляции активности воспалительного процесса, позволяющей избежать побочных реакций иммуносупрессивной, в том числе и иммунобиологической, терапии. Соблюдение средиземноморской диеты доказало свою эффективность в терапии хронической неинфекционной патологии. Недавние исследования также установили ее преимущества в лечении воспалительных заболеваний кишечника. Одной из составляющих средиземноморской диеты является оливковое масло. В данной статье будут представлены результаты современных исследований, посвященных влиянию употребления оливкового масла и его соединений на течение воспалительных процессов в кишечнике. Ряд исследований, проведенных in vitro и на животных моделях, выявил механизмы, с помощью которых оливковое масло и его компоненты оказывают положительное влияние на течение воспаления в кишечной стенке посредством противовоспалительного, антиоксидантного, иммуномодулирующего и противоопухолевого действия. Немногочисленные клинические исследования, проведенные на пациентах с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника, показали возможность использования диетотерапии с добавлением оливкового масла у данной группы пациентов в качестве дополнительного лечения.

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases. Despite the significant progress made in the instrumental diagnosis of this group of diseases, their treatment in most cases remains formalized, based on fairly strict schemes. In this context, an urgent area of modern research is to study the effectiveness of the use of diet therapy and certain foods in order to modulate the activity of the inflammatory process, which allows avoiding adverse reactions of immunosuppressive, including immunobiological, therapy. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet has proven its effectiveness in the treatment of chronic non-infectious diseases. Recent studies have also established its benefits in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Recent studies have also established its benefits in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. This article will present the results of modern research on the effect of the use of olive oil and its components on the course of inflammatory processes in the intestine. A number of studies conducted in vitro and in animal models have revealed the mechanisms by which olive oil and its components have a positive effect on the course of inflammation in the intestinal wall through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antitumor effects. Few clinical studies conducted on patients with inflammatory bowel diseases have shown the possibility of using diet therapy with the addition of olive oil in this group of patients as an additional treatment.

клинические исследованияоливковое маслополифенолывоспалительные заболевания кишечникадиетотерапиясредиземноморская диетаclinical studiesolive oilpolyphenolsinflammatory bowel diseasesdiet therapyMediterranean dietОтсутствуетNot specifiedReferencesХавкин А.И., Налетов А.В., Марченко Н.А. Воспалительные заболевания кишечника у детей: современные достижения в диагностике и терапии // Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. — 2023. — Т. 33. — № 6. — С. 7–15. — https://doi.org/10.22416/1382-4376-2023-33-6-7-15Khavkin AI, Nalyotov AV, Marchenko NA. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Children: Modern Achievements in Diagnostics and Therapy.russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2023;33(6):7–15. (In Russ). https://doi.org/10.22416/1382-4376-2023-33-6-7-15]Хавкин А.И., Налетов А.В., Федулова Э.Н., Марченко Н.А. Воспалительные заболевания кишечника у детей: алгоритмы диагностики и современные стратегии терапии // Вопросы диетологии. — 2023. — Т. 13. — № 3. — С. 32–43. — https://doi.org/10.20953/2224-5448-2023-3-32-42Khavkin AI, Nalyotov AV, Fedulova EN, Marchenko NA. Inflammatory bowel diseases in children: diagnostic algorithms and modern therapy strategies. Voprosy dietologii = Nutrition. 2023;13(3):32–42. (In Russ). https://doi.org/10.20953/2224-5448-2023-3-32-42Хавкин А.И., Налетов А.В., Марченко Н.А. Кишечная микробиота и микроРНК при воспалительных заболеваниях кишечника // Вопросы диетологии. — 2023. — Т. 13. — № 4. — С. 55–63. — https://doi.org/10.20953/2224-5448-2023-4-55-63Khavkin AI, Nalyotov AV, Marchenko NA. Intestinal microbiota and microRNA in inflammatory bowel diseases: review of current data and future research prospects. Voprosy dietologii = Nutrition. 2023; 13(4): 55–63. (In Russ). https://doi.org/10.20953/2224-5448-2023-4-55-63]Хавкин А.И., Налетов А.В., Шумилов П.В. и др. Диетические аспекты лечения воспалительных заболеваний кишечника // Вопросы детской диетологии. — 2024. — Т. 22. — № 1. — С. 51–62. — https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2024-1-51-62Khavkin AI, Naletov AV, Shumilov PV, et al. Dietary aspects in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Voprosy detskoi dietologii = Pediatric Nutrition. 2024;22(1):51–62. (In Russ). https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2024-1-51-62Cox SR, Lindsay JO, Fromentin S, et al. Effects of Low-FODMAP diet on symptoms, fecal microbiome, and markers of inflammation in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease in a randomized trial. Gastroenterology. 2020;158(1):176–188.e7. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.09.024Cox SR, Lindsay JO, Fromentin S, et al. Effects of Low-FODMAP diet on symptoms, fecal microbiome, and markers of inflammation in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease in a randomized trial. Gastroenterology. 2020;158(1):176–188.e7. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.09.024Bodini G, Zanella C, Crespi M, et al. A randomized, 6-wk trial of a low FODMAP diet in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Nutrition. 2019;67-68:110542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2019.06.023Bodini G, Zanella C, Crespi M, et al. A randomized, 6-wk trial of a low FODMAP diet in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Nutrition. 2019;67-68:110542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2019.06.023Schreiner P, Yilmaz B, Rossel JB, et al. Vegetarian or gluten-free diets in patients with inflammatory bowel disease are associated with lower psychological well-being and a different gut microbiota, but no beneficial effects on the course of the disease. United Eur Gastroenterol J. 2019;7(6):767–781. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050640619841249Schreiner P, Yilmaz B, Rossel JB, et al. Vegetarian or gluten-free diets in patients with inflammatory bowel disease are associated with lower psychological well-being and a different gut microbiota, but no beneficial effects on the course of the disease. United Eur Gastroenterol J. 2019;7(6):767–781. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050640619841249Chicco F, Magrì S, Cingolani A, et al. Multidimensional impact of Mediterranean diet on IBD patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis.2021;27(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa097Chicco F, Magrì S, Cingolani A, et al. Multidimensional impact of Mediterranean diet on IBD patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis.2021;27(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa097Papada E, Amerikanou C, Forbes A, Kaliora AC. Adherence to Mediterranean diet in Crohn’s disease. Eur J Nutr. 2020;59(3):1115–1121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-01972-zPapada E, Amerikanou C, Forbes A, Kaliora AC. Adherence to Mediterranean diet in Crohn’s disease. Eur J Nutr. 2020;59(3):1115–1121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-01972-zTosti V, Bertozzi B, Fontana L. Health benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: metabolic and molecular mechanisms. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2018;73(3):318–326. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glx227Tosti V, Bertozzi B, Fontana L. Health benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: metabolic and molecular mechanisms. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2018;73(3):318–326. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glx227Mattioli AV, Palmiero P, Manfrini O, et al. Mediterranean diet impact on cardiovascular diseases: A narrative review. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2017;18(12):925–935. https://doi.org/10.2459/JCM.0000000000000573Mattioli AV, Palmiero P, Manfrini O, et al. Mediterranean diet impact on cardiovascular diseases: A narrative review. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2017;18(12):925–935. https://doi.org/10.2459/JCM.0000000000000573De Santis S, Cariello M, Piccinin E, et al. Extra virgin olive oil: lesson from nutrigenomics. Nutrients. 2019;11(9):2085. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092085De Santis S, Cariello M, Piccinin E, et al. Extra virgin olive oil: lesson from nutrigenomics. Nutrients. 2019;11(9):2085. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092085Blekas G, Tsimidou M, Boskou D. Olive oil composition. In: Olive Oil. Urbana, IL, USA: AOCS Press; 2006.Blekas G, Tsimidou M, Boskou D. Olive oil composition. In: Olive Oil. Urbana, IL, USA: AOCS Press; 2006.Corona G, Tzounis X, Dessì MA, et al. The fate of olive oil polyphenols inthe gastrointestinal tract: Implications of gastric and colonic microflora-dependent biotransformation. Free Radic Res. 2006;40(6):647–658. https://doi.org/10.1080/10715760500373000Corona G, Tzounis X, Dessì MA, et al. The fate of olive oil polyphenols inthe gastrointestinal tract: Implications of gastric and colonic microflora-dependent biotransformation. Free Radic Res. 2006;40(6):647–658. https://doi.org/10.1080/10715760500373000Menicacci B, Cipriani C, Margheri F, et al. Modulation of the senescence-associated inflammatory phenotype in human fibroblasts by olive phenols. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(11):2275. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18112275Menicacci B, Cipriani C, Margheri F, et al. Modulation of the senescence-associated inflammatory phenotype in human fibroblasts by olive phenols. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(11):2275. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18112275Karković Marković A, Torić J, Barbarić M, Jakobušić Brala C. Hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and derivatives and their potential effects on human health. Molecules. 2019;24(10):2001. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24102001Karković Marković A, Torić J, Barbarić M, Jakobušić Brala C. Hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and derivatives and their potential effects on human health. Molecules. 2019;24(10):2001. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24102001Deiana M, Serra G, Corona G. Modulation of intestinal epithelium homeostasis by extra virgin olive oil phenolic compounds. Food Funct. 2018;9(8):4085–4099. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8fo00354hDeiana M, Serra G, Corona G. Modulation of intestinal epithelium homeostasis by extra virgin olive oil phenolic compounds. Food Funct. 2018;9(8):4085–4099. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8fo00354hШрайнер Е.В., Хавкин А.И., Новикова М.С. и др. Современные стратегии и перспективы лечения язвенного колита // Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. — 2023. — № 1. — С. 149–157. — https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-209-1-149-157Shrayner EV, Khavkin AI, Novikova MS, et al. Modern strategies and prospects for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2023;(1):149–157. (In Russ). https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-209-1-149-157Яблокова Е.А., Джабарова А.К., Лохматов М.М. и др. Внекишечные проявления воспалительных заболеваний кишечника у детей // Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. — 2023. — № 1. — С. 165–177. — https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-209-1-165-177Yablokova EA, Dzhabarova AK, Lokhmatov MM, et al. Extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel diseases in children, a modern view of the problem. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2023;(1):165–177. (In Russ). https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658ecg-209-1-165-177Cardeno A, Sanchez-Hidalgo M, Aparicio-Soto M, Alarcón-De-La-Lastra C. Unsaponifiable fraction from extra virgin olive oil inhibits the inflammatory response in LPS-activated murine macrophages. Food Chem. 2014;147:117–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.117Cardeno A, Sanchez-Hidalgo M, Aparicio-Soto M, Alarcón-De-La-Lastra C. Unsaponifiable fraction from extra virgin olive oil inhibits the inflammatory response in LPS-activated murine macrophages. Food Chem. 2014;147:117–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.117Cárdeno A, Magnusson M, Strid H, et al. The unsaponifiable fraction of extra virgin olive oil promotes apoptosis and attenuates activation and homing properties of T cells from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Food Chem. 2014;161:353–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.016Cárdeno A, Magnusson M, Strid H, et al. The unsaponifiable fraction of extra virgin olive oil promotes apoptosis and attenuates activation and homing properties of T cells from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Food Chem. 2014;161:353–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.016Serra G, Incani A, Serreli G, et al. Olive oil polyphenols reduce oxysterols-induced redox imbalance and pro-inflammatory response in intestinal cells. Redox Biol. 2018;17:348–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2018.05.006Serra G, Incani A, Serreli G, et al. Olive oil polyphenols reduce oxysterols-induced redox imbalance and pro-inflammatory response in intestinal cells. Redox Biol. 2018;17:348–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2018.05.006Serra G, Deiana M, Spencer JPE, Corona G. Olive oil phenolics prevent oxysterol-induced proinflammatory cytokine secretion and reactive oxygen species production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, through modulation of p38 and JNK pathways. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017;61(12):1700283. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201700283Serra G, Deiana M, Spencer JPE, Corona G. Olive oil phenolics prevent oxysterol-induced proinflammatory cytokine secretion and reactive oxygen species production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, through modulation of p38 and JNK pathways. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017;61(12):1700283. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201700283Chiesi C, Fernandez-Blanco C, Cossignani L, et al. Alternariolinduced cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells. Protective effect of the phenolic fraction from virgin olive oil. Toxicon. 2015;93:103–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.11.230Chiesi C, Fernandez-Blanco C, Cossignani L, et al. Alternariolinduced cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells. Protective effect of the phenolic fraction from virgin olive oil. Toxicon. 2015;93:103–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.11.230Muto E, Dell’Agli M, Sangiovanni E, et al. Olive oil phenolic extract regulates interleukin-8 expression by transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms in Caco-2 cells. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2015;59(6):1217–1221. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201400800Muto E, Dell’Agli M, Sangiovanni E, et al. Olive oil phenolic extract regulates interleukin-8 expression by transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms in Caco-2 cells. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2015;59(6):1217–1221. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201400800Serreli G, Melis MP, Corona G, Deiana M. Modulation of LPSinduced nitric oxide production in intestinal cells by hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol metabolites: Insight into the mechanism of action. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019;125:520–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.039Serreli G, Melis MP, Corona G, Deiana M. Modulation of LPSinduced nitric oxide production in intestinal cells by hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol metabolites: Insight into the mechanism of action. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019;125:520–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.039Di Nunzio M, Picone G, Pasini F, et al. Olive oil industry by-products. Effects of a polyphenol-rich extract on the metabolome and response to inflammation in cultured intestinal cell. Food Res Int. 2018;113:392–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.07.025Di Nunzio M, Picone G, Pasini F, et al. Olive oil industry by-products. Effects of a polyphenol-rich extract on the metabolome and response to inflammation in cultured intestinal cell. Food Res Int. 2018;113:392–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.07.025Borges TH, Cabrera-Vique C, Seiquer I. Antioxidant properties of chemical extracts and bioaccessible fractions obtained from six Spanish monovarietal extra virgin olive oils: Assays in Caco-2 cells. Food Funct. 2015;6(7):2375–2383. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5fo00529aBorges TH, Cabrera-Vique C, Seiquer I. Antioxidant properties of chemical extracts and bioaccessible fractions obtained from six Spanish monovarietal extra virgin olive oils: Assays in Caco-2 cells. Food Funct. 2015;6(7):2375–2383. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5fo00529aGuina T, Deiana M, Calfapietra S, et al. The role of p38 MAPK in the induction of intestinal inflammation by dietary oxysterols: Modulation by wine phenolics. Food Funct. 2015;6(4):1218–1228. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4fo01116cGuina T, Deiana M, Calfapietra S, et al. The role of p38 MAPK in the induction of intestinal inflammation by dietary oxysterols: Modulation by wine phenolics. Food Funct. 2015;6(4):1218–1228. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4fo01116cMateos R, Caro GP, Bacon JR, et al. Anticancer activity of olive oil hydroxytyrosyl acetate in human adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2013;61(13):3264–3269. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf305158qMateos R, Caro GP, Bacon JR, et al. Anticancer activity of olive oil hydroxytyrosyl acetate in human adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2013;61(13):3264–3269. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf305158qLopez de las Hazas MC, Piñol C, Macià A, Motilva MJ. Hydroxytyrosol and the colonic metabolites derived from virgin olive oil intake induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in colon cancer cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2017;65(31):6467–6476. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04933Lopez de las Hazas MC, Piñol C, Macià A, Motilva MJ. Hydroxytyrosol and the colonic metabolites derived from virgin olive oil intake induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in colon cancer cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2017;65(31):6467–6476. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04933LaRussa T, Oliverio M, Suraci E, et al. Oleuropein Decreases Cyclooxygenase-2 and Interleukin-17 Expression and Attenuates Inflammatory Damage in Colonic Samples from Ulcerative Colitis Patients. Nutrients. 2017;9(4):391. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9040391LaRussa T, Oliverio M, Suraci E, et al. Oleuropein Decreases Cyclooxygenase-2 and Interleukin-17 Expression and Attenuates Inflammatory Damage in Colonic Samples from Ulcerative Colitis Patients. Nutrients. 2017;9(4):391. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9040391Vezza T, Algieri F, Rodríguez-Nogales A, et al. Immunomodulatory properties of Olea europaea leaf extract in intestinal inflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017;61(10):1601066. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201601066Vezza T, Algieri F, Rodríguez-Nogales A, et al. Immunomodulatory properties of Olea europaea leaf extract in intestinal inflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017;61(10):1601066. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201601066Kondreddy VKR, Naidu KA. Oleic acid, hydroxytyrosol and n-3 fatty acids collectively modulate colitis through reduction of oxidative stress and IL-8 synthesis; in vitro and in vivo studies. Int Immunopharmacol. 2016;35:29–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2016.03.019Kondreddy VKR, Naidu KA. Oleic acid, hydroxytyrosol and n-3 fatty acids collectively modulate colitis through reduction of oxidative stress and IL-8 synthesis; in vitro and in vivo studies. Int Immunopharmacol. 2016;35:29–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2016.03.019Sánchez-Fidalgo S, Sánchez De Ibargüen L, Cárdeno A, Alarcon De La Lastra C. Influence of extra virgin olive oil diet enriched with hydroxytyrosol in a chronic DSS colitis model. Eur J Nutr. 2011;51(4):497–506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-011-0235-ySánchez-Fidalgo S, Sánchez De Ibargüen L, Cárdeno A, Alarcon De La Lastra C. Influence of extra virgin olive oil diet enriched with hydroxytyrosol in a chronic DSS colitis model. Eur J Nutr. 2011;51(4):497–506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-011-0235-ySánchez-Fidalgo S, Cárdeno A, Hidalgo MS, et al. Dietary extra virgin olive oil polyphenols supplementation modulates DSS-induced chronic colitis in mice. J Nutr Biochem. 2013;24(7):1401–1413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.11.008Sánchez-Fidalgo S, Cárdeno A, Hidalgo MS, et al. Dietary extra virgin olive oil polyphenols supplementation modulates DSS-induced chronic colitis in mice. J Nutr Biochem. 2013;24(7):1401–1413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.11.008Sánchez-Fidalgo S, Cárdeno A, Hidalgo MS, et al. Dietary unsapon-ifiable fraction from extra virgin olive oil supplementation attenuates acute ulcerative colitis in mice. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2013;48(3):572–581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2012.12.004Sánchez-Fidalgo S, Cárdeno A, Hidalgo MS, et al. Dietary unsapon-ifiable fraction from extra virgin olive oil supplementation attenuates acute ulcerative colitis in mice. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2013;48(3):572–581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2012.12.004Takashima T, Sakata Y, Iwakiri R, et al. Feeding with olive oil attenuates inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in rat. J Nutr Biochem. 2014;25(2):186–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.10.005Takashima T, Sakata Y, Iwakiri R, et al. Feeding with olive oil attenuates inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in rat. J Nutr Biochem. 2014;25(2):186–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.10.005Cariello M, Contursi A, Gadaleta RM, et al. Extra-virgin olive oil from Apulian Cultivars and intestinal inflammation. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041084Cariello M, Contursi A, Gadaleta RM, et al. Extra-virgin olive oil from Apulian Cultivars and intestinal inflammation. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041084Huguet-Casquero A, Xu Y, Gainza E, et al. Oral delivery of oleuropein-loaded lipid nanocarriers alleviates inflammation and oxidative stress in acute colitis. Int J Pharm. 2020;586:119515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119515Huguet-Casquero A, Xu Y, Gainza E, et al. Oral delivery of oleuropein-loaded lipid nanocarriers alleviates inflammation and oxidative stress in acute colitis. Int J Pharm. 2020;586:119515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119515Voltes A, Bermúdez A, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez G, et al. AntiInflammatory local effect of hydroxytyrosol combined with pectinalginate and olive oil on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acidinduced colitis in wistar rats. J Investig Surg. 2020;33(1):8–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941939.2018.1469697Voltes A, Bermúdez A, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez G, et al. AntiInflammatory local effect of hydroxytyrosol combined with pectinalginate and olive oil on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acidinduced colitis in wistar rats. J Investig Surg. 2020;33(1):8–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941939.2018.1469697Marcelino G, Hiane PA, Freitas KDC, et al. Effects of olive oil and its minor components on cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and gut microbiota. Nutrients. 2019;11(8):1826. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081826Marcelino G, Hiane PA, Freitas KDC, et al. Effects of olive oil and its minor components on cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and gut microbiota. Nutrients. 2019;11(8):1826. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081826Skrypnik K, Bogdański P., Łoniewski I. et al. Effect of probiotic supplementation on liver function and lipid status in rats. Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment. 2015;17(2):185–192. https://doi.org/10.17306/J.AFS.0554Skrypnik K, Bogdański P., Łoniewski I. et al. Effect of probiotic supplementation on liver function and lipid status in rats. Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment. 2015;17(2):185–192. https://doi.org/10.17306/J.AFS.0554Liu Z, Wang N, Ma Y, Wen D. Hydroxytyrosol improves obesity and insulin resistance by modulating gut microbiota in high-fat dietinduced obese mice. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:390. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00390Liu Z, Wang N, Ma Y, Wen D. Hydroxytyrosol improves obesity and insulin resistance by modulating gut microbiota in high-fat dietinduced obese mice. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:390. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00390Millman J, Okamoto S, Kimura A, et al. Metabolically and immunologically beneficial impact of extra virgin olive and flaxseed oils on composition of gut microbiota in mice. Eur J Nutr. 2020;59(6):2411–2425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02088-0Millman J, Okamoto S, Kimura A, et al. Metabolically and immunologically beneficial impact of extra virgin olive and flaxseed oils on composition of gut microbiota in mice. Eur J Nutr. 2020;59(6):2411–2425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02088-0Farràs M, Martinez-Gili L, Portune K, et al. Modulation of the gut microbiota by olive oil phenolic compounds: implications for lipid metabolism, immune system, and obesity. Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2200. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082200Farràs M, Martinez-Gili L, Portune K, et al. Modulation of the gut microbiota by olive oil phenolic compounds: implications for lipid metabolism, immune system, and obesity. Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2200. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082200do Nascimento RDP, Lima AV, Oyama LM, et al. Extra virgin olive oil and flaxseed oil have no preventive effects on DSS-induced acute ulcerative colitis. Nutrients. 2020;74:110731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2020.110731do Nascimento RDP, Lima AV, Oyama LM, et al. Extra virgin olive oil and flaxseed oil have no preventive effects on DSS-induced acute ulcerative colitis. Nutrients. 2020;74:110731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2020.110731Bigagli E, Toti S, Lodovici M, et al. Dietary extra-virgin olive oil polyphenols do not attenuate colon inflammation in transgenic HLAB-27 rats but exert hypocholesterolemic effects through the modulation of HMGCR and PPAR-α gene expression in the liver. Lifestyle Genom. 2018;11(2):99–108. https://doi.org/10.1159/000495516Bigagli E, Toti S, Lodovici M, et al. Dietary extra-virgin olive oil polyphenols do not attenuate colon inflammation in transgenic HLAB-27 rats but exert hypocholesterolemic effects through the modulation of HMGCR and PPAR-α gene expression in the liver. Lifestyle Genom. 2018;11(2):99–108. https://doi.org/10.1159/000495516Daniel K, Vitetta L, Singh MAF. Effects of olives and their constituents on the expression of ulcerative colitis: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr. 2021;127(8):1153–1171. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114521001999Daniel K, Vitetta L, Singh MAF. Effects of olives and their constituents on the expression of ulcerative colitis: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr. 2021;127(8):1153–1171. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114521001999De Filippis F, Pellegrini N, Vannini L, et al. High-level adherence to a Mediterranean diet beneficially impacts the gut microbiota and associated metabolome. Gut. 2016;65(11):1812–1821. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309957De Filippis F, Pellegrini N, Vannini L, et al. High-level adherence to a Mediterranean diet beneficially impacts the gut microbiota and associated metabolome. Gut. 2016;65(11):1812–1821. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309957Godny L, Reshef L, Pfeffer-Gik T, et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with decreased fecal calprotectin in patients with ulcerative colitis after pouch surgery. Eur J Nutr. 2020;59(7):3183–3190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02158-3Godny L, Reshef L, Pfeffer-Gik T, et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with decreased fecal calprotectin in patients with ulcerative colitis after pouch surgery. Eur J Nutr. 2020;59(7):3183–3190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02158-3Vrdoljak J, Vilović M, Živković PM, et al. Mediterranean diet adherence and dietary attitudes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Nutrients. 2020;12(11):3429. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113429Vrdoljak J, Vilović M, Živković PM, et al. Mediterranean diet adherence and dietary attitudes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Nutrients. 2020;12(11):3429. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113429Morvaridi M, Jafarirad S, Seyedian SS, et al. The effects of extra virgin olive oil and canola oil on inflammatory markers and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with ulcerative colitis. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020;74(6):891–899. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-019-0549-zMorvaridi M, Jafarirad S, Seyedian SS, et al. The effects of extra virgin olive oil and canola oil on inflammatory markers and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with ulcerative colitis. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020;74(6):891–899. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-019-0549-zMartín-Peláez S, Mosele JI, Pizarro N, et al. Effect of virgin olive oil and thyme phenolic compounds on blood lipid profile: Implications of human gut microbiota. Eur J Nutr. 2015;56(1):119–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-1063-2Martín-Peláez S, Mosele JI, Pizarro N, et al. Effect of virgin olive oil and thyme phenolic compounds on blood lipid profile: Implications of human gut microbiota. Eur J Nutr. 2015;56(1):119–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-1063-2de Silva PS, Luben R, Shrestha SS, et al. Dietary arachidonic and oleic acid intake in ulcerative colitis etiology: A prospective cohort study using 7-day food diaries. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;26(1):11–18. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0b013e328365c372de Silva PS, Luben R, Shrestha SS, et al. Dietary arachidonic and oleic acid intake in ulcerative colitis etiology: A prospective cohort study using 7-day food diaries. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;26(1):11–18. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0b013e328365c372

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.