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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ppharm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Педиатрическая фармакология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pediatric pharmacology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1727-5776</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/pf.v18i5.2333</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ppharm-2078</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИСКУССИОННЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ФАРМАКОТЕРАПИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DEBATABLE ISSUES OF PHARMACOTHERAPY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка технологий здравоохранения орфанных заболеваний. На примере социально-экономического бремени спинальной мышечной атрофии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health Technologies Assessment for Orphan Diseases. Example of Social and Economic Burden of Spinal Muscular Atrophy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1919-2909</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колбин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolbin</surname><given-names>Aleksei S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колбин Алексей Сергеевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой клинической фармакологии и доказательной медицины</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8, телефон: +7 (921) 759-04-49; eLibrary SPIN: 7966-0845 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksei S. Kolbin</p><p>6/8 Lva Tolstogo Str., 197089, St. Petersburg, +7 (921) 759-04-49; eLibrary SPIN: 7966-0845</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex.kolbin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2635-2752</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Влодавец</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlodavets</surname><given-names>Dmitriy V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Влодавец Дмитрий Владимирович</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 2657-4710</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Vlodavets</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 2657-4710</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3031-4572</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курылев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurylev</surname><given-names>Aleksei A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Курылев Алексей Александрович</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1, eLibrary SPIN: 2657-4710</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey A. Kurylev</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova Str., 117997 Moscow, eLibrary SPIN: 2657-4710</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Германенко</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Germanenko</surname><given-names>Olga Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Германенко Ольга Юрьевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Y. Germanenko</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6594-3005</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колбина</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolbina</surname><given-names>Natalia Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колбина Наталья Юрьевна</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia Yu. Kolbina</p><p>2 Akkuratova Str., 197341, Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии им. акад. Ю.Е. Вельтищева Российского национального исследовательского медицинского университета им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics named after academician Yu.E. Veltischev of Pirogov Russian National&#13;
Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Благотворительный фонд помощи больным спинальной мышечной атрофией и другими нервно-мышечными заболеваниями «Семьи СМА»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Charity Foundation for SMA and NMD Patients “SMA Family”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>408</fpage><lpage>415</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Колбин А.С., Влодавец Д.В., Курылев А.А., Германенко О.Ю., Колбина Н.Ю., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Колбин А.С., Влодавец Д.В., Курылев А.А., Германенко О.Ю., Колбина Н.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolbin A.S., Vlodavets D.V., Kurylev A.A., Germanenko O.Y., Kolbina N.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/2078">https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/2078</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Исследования экономического воздействия болезни на общество, или социально-экономического бремени, известные как развитие анализа стоимости болезни, эквивалентны эпидемиологическим исследованиям в области общественного здравоохранения. Согласно целому ряду работ, спинальная мышечная атрофия (СМА) характеризуется существенным социально-экономическим бременем.</p><p>Цель – сравнение отечественных и международных методологических подходов и результатов оценки технологий здравоохранения (ОТЗ) при СМА с позиции социально-экономического бремени. Материалы и методы. Литературный поиск был проведен с использованием баз данных Medline, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov и Cochrane Library. Использовали ключевые слова и критерии включения и исключения, а кроме того, следующие параметры: затраты, год расчета, метод оценки, а также первичные и вторичные результаты, тип экономической оценки, перспективу, временной горизонт, вмешательство, анализ чувствительности результатов. Учитывали как прямые медицинские, так и немедицинские затраты, а также непрямые (косвенные) затраты. Результаты. Проведен анализ оценки бремени СМА в США, Германии, Испании, Австралии, Франции, Великобритании и России на основе 8 международных и одного российского опубликованных исследований, в которых описывали стоимость СМА. Только в 4 международных исследованиях и в отечественном оценивали все затраты, в том числе и косвенные. Основным источником информации являются либо регистры пациентов, либо кросс-секционные исследования, проводимые в группе пациентов с диагнозом СМА. Во всех странах затраты наиболее значимы для СМА I типа. Самые высоких общие затраты на СМА были в США, низкие – в Российской Федерации и Испании. Во всех проведенных исследованиях затраты не включают новых лекарств, модифицирующих болезнь, таких как нусинерсен, рисдиплам и онасемноген абепарвовек.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы и рекомендации</title><p>Выводы и рекомендации. Социально-экономическое бремя СМА в России на 2020 г., до момента внедрения в практику патогенетической терапии, составляло 2,38 млрд руб. в год. Затраты на лечение в стационарных условиях и реабилитацию – 30,8 и 32,3% от суммарных затрат соответственно. Эти затраты до внедрения в практику патогенетической терапии ниже, чем в Западной Европе и США, что, скорее всего, связано с тем, что в отечественных исследованиях использовали стандарты первичной медико-санитарной помощи детям при СМА от 2012 г., а также с низкими косвенными затратами на СМА в Российской Федерации. При проведении ОТЗ орфанных заболеваний в России необходима единая методология оценки социально-экономической значимости таких заболеваний, которая должна опираться на отечественные регистры, иначе – на валидные данные, в том числе основанные на данных реальной клинической практики.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Studies of the economic impact of disease on society or the social and economic burden, known as developmental disease cost analysis, are equivalent to public health epidemiological studies. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) has significant social and economic burden according to various studies.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. The aim of the study is to compare Russian and international methodological approaches and results of health technology assessment (HTA) of SMA from the perspective of social and economic burden. Materials and methods. Literature searches were conducted using the Medline, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library databases. Keywords and criteria for inclusion and exclusion have been used. The following parameters were used: costs, year of calculation, assessment method, primary and secondary results, type of economic assessment, perspective, time horizon, intervention, analysis of the sensitivity of the results. Both direct medical and non-medical costs were taken into account, as well as indirect costs.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The analysis of SMA burden the USA, Germany, Spain, Australia, France, Great Britain, and the Russian Federation was carried out based on 8 international studies and one Russian study that described the costs of SMA. All costs, including indirect ones, were estimated only in 4 international studies and in Russian one. The main source of information was either patient registers or cross-sectional retrospective studies of patients diagnosed with SMA. The costs were higher for type I SMA in all countries. The highest total SMA costs were in the United States, and the lowest in Russian Federation and Spain. Costs excluded new disease-modifying drugs such as nusinersen, risdiplam, and onasemogen abeparvovec in all conducted studies.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The social and economic burden of SMA in Russian Federation in 2020 before the introduction of pathogenetic therapy into practice was 2.38 billion RUR/year. The costs of inpatient treatment and rehabilitation were 30.8 and 32.3% of total costs, respectively. These costs, before the introduction of pathogenetic therapy into practice, are lower than in Western Europe and United States, which is most likely since domestic studies used the standards of primary health care for children with SMA implemented in 2012, as well as low indirect costs for SMA in Russian Federation. Unified methodology for assessing the socio-economic significance of orphan diseases is required to carry out HTA of orphan diseases in Russian Federation. It should be based on domestic registries, otherwise on valid data, including those based on data from real clinical practice (RWD /RWE).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спинальная мышечная атрофия</kwd><kwd>прямые медицинские затраты</kwd><kwd>немедицинские затраты</kwd><kwd>косвенные затраты</kwd><kwd>бремя</kwd><kwd>орфанные заболевания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spinal muscular atrophy</kwd><kwd>direct medical costs</kwd><kwd>non-medical costs</kwd><kwd>indirect costs</kwd><kwd>burden</kwd><kwd>orphan diseases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verhaart IEC, Robertson A, Wilson IJ, et al. Prevalence, incidence and carrier frequency of 5q-linked spinal muscular atrophy — a literature review. 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