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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ppharm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Педиатрическая фармакология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pediatric pharmacology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1727-5776</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/pf.v18i5.2298</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ppharm-2065</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Амбулаторное лечение острых респираторных инфекций у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outpatient Management of Acute Respiratory Infections in Children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5787-3900</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мукожева</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukozheva</surname><given-names>Radima A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мукожева Радима Алихановна – аспирант</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1,  телефон: +7 (495) 434-03-29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Radima A. Mukozheva</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova Str., 117997 Moscow, +7 (495) 434-03-29</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mukozhevar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7447-0625</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куличенко</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulichenko</surname><given-names>Tatyana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куличенко Татьяна Владимировна</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1, телефон: +7 (495) 434-03-29; eLibrary SPIN: 9054-4560</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Kulichenko</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova Str., 117997 Moscow, eLibrary SPIN: 9054-4560; +7 (495) 434-03-29</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tkulichenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вильчанская</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vilchanskaya</surname><given-names>Tatyana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вильчанская Татьяна Владимировна</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1,  телефон: +7 (495) 434-03-29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Vilchanskaya</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova Str., 117997 Moscow, +7 (495) 434-03-29</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatvil@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазарева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazareva</surname><given-names>Mariya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лазарева Мария Александровна</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1; eLibrary SPIN: 5885-0397</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya A. Lazareva</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova Str., 117997 Moscow, eLibrary SPIN: 5885-0397; +7 (495) 434-03-29</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">DoctorLazareva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Романова Ольга Викторовна</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1,  телефон: +7 (495) 434-03-29</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Romanova</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova Str., 117997 Moscow, +7 (495) 434-03-29</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pediator.olga@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лашкова</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lashkova</surname><given-names>Juliya S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лашкова Юлия Сергеевна</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1; eLibrary SPIN: 9522-5520</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Juliya S. Lashkova</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova Str., 117997 Moscow, eLibrary SPIN: 9522-5520; +7 (495) 434-03-29</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jupatr@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артемова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemova</surname><given-names>Inga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артемова Инга Витальевна</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inga V. Artemova </p><p>1 Ostrovityanova Str., 117997 Moscow, +7 (495) 434-03-29</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sko-inga@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>359</fpage><lpage>366</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мукожева Р.А., Куличенко Т.В., Вильчанская Т.В., Лазарева М.А., Романова О.В., Лашкова Ю.С., Артемова И.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мукожева Р.А., Куличенко Т.В., Вильчанская Т.В., Лазарева М.А., Романова О.В., Лашкова Ю.С., Артемова И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mukozheva R.A., Kulichenko T.V., Vilchanskaya T.V., Lazareva M.A., Romanova O.V., Lashkova J.S., Artemova I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/2065">https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/2065</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Устойчивость к противомикробным препаратам признана одной из самых серьезных угроз для здоровья человека во всем мире. Основной причиной возникшего кризиса является чрезмерное и неправильное применение антибактериальных препаратов (АБП). В педиатрической практике наибольшая доля необоснованных назначений антибиотиков отмечается при лечении инфекций дыхательных путей в амбулаторных условиях.</p><p>Цель исследования – проанализировать клиническую практику ведения пациентов с острыми респираторными инфекциями (ОРИ) и применение АБП в детских поликлиниках в субъектах Российской Федерации.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Проведено многоцентровое ретроспективное исследование. Проанализированы все случаи заболевания ОРИ, документированные в 969 медицинских картах (форма 112/у) детей 2015–2017 гг. рождения в 16 субъектах Российской Федерации, отобранных случайным образом. Результаты. В 79,6% случаев обращений с симптомами ОРИ была диагностирована острая вирусная инфекция. В 23% ОРИ были назначены системные АБП. Антибактериальную терапию получали 14% детей с диагнозом «острая респираторная вирусная инфекция», 35% – «острый ларинготрахеит», 80% – «острый бронхит», 76% – «острый риносинусит», 94% детей с ОРИ, осложненной средним отитом, 52% детей с тонзиллофарингитами и 100% детей с внебольничной пневмонией. Чаще всего назначали амоксициллин (35%), амоксициллин / клавулановую кислоту (24%), азитромицин (20,2%). Парентеральное введение АБП было назначено в 3,9% случаев, преимущественно детям с внебольничной пневмонией. Назначение антибактериальной терапии было необоснованным в 84% анализируемых случаев. Полипрагмазия имела место в 50,5% случаев. Наиболее часто нарушения клинических протоколов отмечаются при ведении пациентов с ларинготрахеитами и тонзиллофарингитами. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Отмечена благоприятная тенденция к снижению частоты назначения АБП в амбулаторном звене при ОРИ у детей, в то же время частота полипрагмазии и нерационального выбора антибактериальной терапии остается достаточно высокой.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most crucial problems in human health care worldwide. The main cause of this crisis is the excessive and misuse of antibacterial drugs (ADs). The highest rate of improper antibiotics' prescriptions in pediatric practice is observed at treatment of respiratory tract infections in outpatient clinics.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. The aim of the study is to analyze the clinical practice of management of patients with acute respiratory infections (ARI) and the use of ADs in children's outpatient clinics across the regions of Russian Federation.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Multicenter retrospective study was conducted. All ARI cases documented in 969 medical records (form 112/y) of children born in 2015–2017 yy. in 16 regions of Russian Federation (selected randomly) were analyzed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Acute viral infection was diagnosed in 79.6% cases of referencing to doctor with ARI symptoms. Systemic ADs were prescribed in 23% cases of ARI. Antibacterial therapy was received by 14% of children diagnosed with acute respiratory viral infection, 35% with acute laryngotracheitis, 80% with acute bronchitis, 76% with acute rhinosinusitis, 94% with ARI associated with otitis media, 52% with tonsillopharyngitis, and 100% with community-acquired pneumonia. Amoxicillin (35%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (24%), azithromycin (20.2%) were prescribed most often. Parenteral administration of ADs was prescribed in 3.9% of cases, mostly for children with community-acquired pneumonia. Prescribed antibacterial therapy was unreasonable in 84% of analyzed cases. Polypragmasy occurred in 50.5% of cases. Clinical protocols violations were mostly common for management of patients with laryngotracheitis and tonsillopharyngitis.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. There is favorable trend towards the decrease in ADs prescribing frequency in outpatient clinics for children with ARI. Thus, polypragmasy and irrational choice of antibacterial therapy frequency remains quite high.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>респираторная инфекция</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>антибактериальная терапия</kwd><kwd>полипрагмазия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>respiratory infection</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>antibacterial therapy</kwd><kwd>polypragmasy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ВОЗ. 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