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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ppharm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Педиатрическая фармакология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pediatric pharmacology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1727-5776</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/pf.v16i5.2059</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ppharm-1772</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕДАКЦИОННЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AN EDITORIAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Часто ли внебольничная скоропостижная смерть младенцев является синдромом внезапной смерти: ретроспективное когортное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>How Frequently Does out-of Hospital Sudden Unexpected Infants Death Represent the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0473-3231</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нисевич</surname><given-names>Л. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nisevich</surname><given-names>Lika L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нисевич Лика Львовна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории экспериментальной иммунологии и вирусологии НМИЦ здоровья детей</p><p>119991, Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, д. 2, стр. 1</p><p>тел.: +7 (495) 246-92-89</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nis-lika@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кригер</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krieger</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селютина</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Selyutina</surname><given-names>Natalia S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Берников</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bernikov</surname><given-names>Stanislav Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коноплёва</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konopleva</surname><given-names>Tatyana N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никишцев</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikishtsev</surname><given-names>Igor N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>Marina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Бюро судебной-медицинской экспертизы Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination of the Moscow Health Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детская городская клиническая больница имени. З.А. Башляевой Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Children’s City Clinical Hospital named after Z.A. Bashlayeva, Moscow Department of Healthcare</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>296</fpage><lpage>303</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нисевич Л.Л., Кригер О.В., Селютина Н.С., Берников С.Ю., Коноплёва Т.Н., Никишцев И.Н., Павлова М.С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нисевич Л.Л., Кригер О.В., Селютина Н.С., Берников С.Ю., Коноплёва Т.Н., Никишцев И.Н., Павлова М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nisevich L.L., Krieger O.V., Selyutina N.S., Bernikov S.Y., Konopleva T.N., Nikishtsev I.N., Pavlova M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/1772">https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/1772</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. В России среди детей, умерших на первом году жизни, 19,6 % случаев летальных исходов фиксируется за пределами стационара, многие дети умирают скоропостижно. Нередко случаи внебольничной скоропостижной смерти младенцев (ВССМ) ошибочно принимают за синдром внезапной смерти (СВС), что ведет к искажению показателей и их большому разбросу при диагностике синдрома.</p><p>Цель исследования — изучить изменения в тканях и органах при ВССМ и у детей, скончавшихся в стационаре; оценить соответствие окончательных диагнозов, выявить случаи ВССМ, которые являлись СВС.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. С 2009 по 2016 г. проводилось патологоанатомическое и вирусологическое исследование органов умерших детей первого года жизни, из них 420 случаев ВССМ (1-я группа) и 350 — стационарной смерти (2-я группа).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Возраст младенцев 1-й группы на момент смерти в 71 % случаев соответствовал возрасту умерших от СВС. Сроки гестации и масса тела при рождении у младенцев 1-й группы чаще были в границах нормальных значений. Такие признаки быстрого наступления смерти, как полнокровие внутренних органов (83,3 %), петехиальные кровоизлияния (75,5 %), в 1-й группе присутствовали значительно чаще, чем во 2-й. В 1-й группе диагностировали преимущественно легкие острые респираторные вирусные инфекции (ОРВИ) с минимальными патоморфологическими признаками и пневмонии, которые в 33,3 % не обнаруживались при аутопсии. Гнойные трахеобронхиты (0 и 21,4 % первая и вторая группы соответственно), бактериальные пневмонии (6,3 и 26,3 %), бóльшая площадь поражения легких (3,8 и 56,1 %) выявлялись значительно реже в 1-й группе. В 38 % случаев у детей 1-й группы пневмония являлась единственной причиной смерти, и ни в одном случае — во 2-й. Патологии сердечно-сосудистой системы (55,2 и 87,7 % первая и вторая группы соответственно), центральной нервной системы (58,6 и 90,9 %), воспаление оболочек и ткани мозга (21,9 и 70,0 %), патология мочевыделительной системы (34,8 и 62,9 %), признаки перенесенной или текущей внутриутробной вирусной инфекции (29,5 и 64,0 %) в 1-й группе диагностировали значительно реже, чем во 2-й, а врожденный сифилис, инфицирование вирусом иммунодефицита человека и гепатитом С — в 3 раза чаще в первой группе, чем во второй (12,9 и 3,7 % соответственно). Более частое поражение надпочечников в 1-й группе (66,7 против 34 % во 2-й группе) могло явиться причиной неадекватных ответных реакций на минимальные воздействия внешних факторов, в том числе легких ОРВИ. Диагноз СВС в 1-й группе был поставлен в 3 случаях и в 3 — под вопросом. Однако наличие полиорганной патологии исключает диагноз СВС. Диагноз СВС мог быть поставлен в 30 случаях при легких ОРВИ без интоксикации, шоковой печени или ДВС-синдроме.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У большинства младенцев скоропостижная смерть наступила при неочевидных жизнеугрожающих состояниях при отсутствии должного наблюдения, диагностики и лечения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. 19.6 % of all fatal cases among Russian children who died in the first year of life are registered out-of hospital, and they are usually sudden. Out-of-hospital sudden unexpected infant death (OSUID) could be confused with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) followed by the wide variation in the diagnostic indicators of the syndrome.</p><p>The aim of the study is to reveal the pathological changes in the tissues and organs of 420 cases of OSUID (group 1) compared with 350 cases of death in the hospital (group 2), to estimate the conformity of the final diagnoses and to identify cases of OSUID, which were SIDS.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. From 2009 to 2016 pathoanatomical and virological study of the organs of 420 cases of OSUID (group 1) and 350 babies who died in a hospital were carried out.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was established that the age of infants of the 1st group at the time of death in 71 % of cases corresponded to the age of SIDS. In terms of gestational age and body weight at birth babies of the 1st group turned out to be much more prosperous. Signs of rapid onset of death in this group: plethora of internal organs (83.3 %) and petechial hemorrhages (75.5 %) were present significantly more often than in the 2nd. In the 1st group, predominantly light acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) with minimal pathologic signs and pneumonia were diagnosed, but pneumonia in 33.3 % not detected at autopsy. Purulent tracheobronchitis (0 and 21.4 %), bacterial pneumonia (6.3 and 26.3 %), a large area of lung damage (3.8 and 56.1 %) were detected much less frequently in the 1st group. In 38 % of the 1st group, pneumonia was the only cause of death, and in no case in the 2nd. Pathology of the cardiovascular system (55.2 and 87.7 %), central nervous system (58.6 and 90.9 %);urogenital system (34.8 and 62.9), inflammation of the membranes and brain tissue (21.9 and 70.0 %), signs of past or current intrauterine viral infection (29.5 and 64.0 %) in the 1st group was diagnosed much less frequently than in the 2nd, but congenital syphilis, HIV infection and hepatitis C — 3 times more often (12.9 and 3.7 %). The more frequent pathology of the adrenal glands in the 1st group (66.7 and 34 %) could cause inadequate responses to minimal exposure to external factors, including mild acute respiratory viral infections. The diagnosis of SIDS was made in 3 cases and in 3 more it was questionable. However, the presence of multisystemic pathology excludes the diagnosis of SIDS. The diagnosis of SIDS could be established in 30 cases in cases of slight ARVI without intoxication, shock liver or disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The most cases of sudden death occurred in not obvious life-threatening conditions in socially disadvantaged families in the absence of adequate observation, diagnosis and treatment.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>младенцы</kwd><kwd>первый год жизни</kwd><kwd>внебольничная скоропостижная смерть</kwd><kwd>смерть в стационаре</kwd><kwd>патологоанатомическое исследование</kwd><kwd>врожденная и приобретенная патология</kwd><kwd>аномалии развития</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>infants</kwd><kwd>first year of life</kwd><kwd>out-of-hospital sudden unexpected infant death</kwd><kwd>in-hospital death</kwd><kwd>post-mortem examination</kwd><kwd>congenital</kwd><kwd>acquired pathology</kwd><kwd>malformation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldstein RD, Trachtenberg FL, Sens MA, et al. 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