<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ppharm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Педиатрическая фармакология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pediatric pharmacology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1727-5776</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/pf.v15i5.1959</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ppharm-1664</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL RECOMMENDATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Атриовентрикулярная (предсердножелудочковая) блокада у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Atrioventricular Block in Children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8195-5682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалёв</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>Igor A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалёв Игорь Александрович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор заведующий отделом детской кардиологии и аритмологии Обособленного структурного подразделения</p><p>125412, Москва, ул. Талдомская, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">igor.kovalev64@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7119-316X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белозёров</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belozerov</surname><given-names>Yuri M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6662-3548</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Садыкова</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sadykova</surname><given-names>Dinara I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0501-405X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сабирова</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sabirova</surname><given-names>Dina R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7362-2685</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлева</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovleva</surname><given-names>Lyudmila V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2701-1079</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хабибрахманова</surname><given-names>З. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khabibrakhmanova</surname><given-names>Zulfiya R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4129-2877</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сакерин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakerin</surname><given-names>Andrey S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии имени академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева Российского национального исследовательского медицинского университета имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница имени Е.О. Мухина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mukhina City Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>365</fpage><lpage>375</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ковалёв И.А., Белозёров Ю.М., Садыкова Д.И., Сабирова Д.Р., Яковлева Л.В., Хабибрахманова З.Р., Сакерин А.С., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ковалёв И.А., Белозёров Ю.М., Садыкова Д.И., Сабирова Д.Р., Яковлева Л.В., Хабибрахманова З.Р., Сакерин А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kovalev I.A., Belozerov Y.M., Sadykova D.I., Sabirova D.R., Yakovleva L.V., Khabibrakhmanova Z.R., Sakerin A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/1664">https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/1664</self-uri><abstract><p>Нарушения ритма и проводимости сердца занимают одно из ведущих мест в структуре сердечно-сосудистой патологии у детей. Атриовентрикулярная блокада представляет собой замедление или прекращение проведения импульсов со стороны предсердий на желудочки. Коллектив авторов представляет разработанные на основании принципов доказательной медицины клинические рекомендации, включающие все этапы диагностики и лечения детей с атриовентрикулярной блокадой. Использование рекомендаций в клинической практике позволит осуществлять выбор наилучшей стратегии в диагностике и лечении атриовентрикулярной блокады у конкретного пациента.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Rhythm and conduction disorders of the heart occupy one of the leading places in the structure of cardiovascular pathology in children. Atrioventricular block is the slowing down or loss of impulses from the atria to the ventricles. The team of authors presents clinical guidelines based on the principles of evidence-based medicine, including all stages of diagnosis and treatment of children with atrioventricular block. The use of guidelines in clinical practice will allow to choose the best strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of atrioventricular block for each individual patient.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нарушение ритма сердца</kwd><kwd>атриовентрикулярная блокада</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>электрокардиостимулятор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heart rhythm disorder</kwd><kwd>atrioventricular block</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>pacemaker</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Отсутствует</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Not specified</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аритмии сердца: механизмы, диагностика, лечение / Под ред. В.Дж. Мандела. Пер. с англ. Т.2. — М.: Медицина; 1996. — 206 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cardiac arrhythmias: their mechanisms, diagnosis, and management. Ed by WJ Mandel. Vol. 2. Transl. from English. Moscow: Meditsina; 1996. 206 p. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белозеров Ю.М. Детская кардиология. — М.: МЕДпрессинформ; 2004. — 525 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belozerov YuM. Detskaya cardiologiya. Moscow: MEDpress-inform; 2004. 525 p. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Егоров Д.Ф., Адрианов А.В. Диагностика и лечение брадикардии у детей. — СПб.: Человек; 2008. — 320 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Egorov DF, Adrianov AV. Diagnostika i lechenie bradikardii u detei. St. Petersburg: Chelovek; 2008. 320 p. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brucato A. Prevention of congenital heart block in children of SSA-positive mothers. Rheumatology. 2008;47 Suppl 3:iii35–37. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken153.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brucato A. Prevention of congenital heart block in children of SSA-positive mothers. Rheumatology. 2008;47 Suppl 3:iii35–37. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken153.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walsh EP, Saul JP, Triedman JK. Cardiac arrhythmias in children and young adults with congenital heart disease. 1st ed. Philadelphia, PA, USA: LWW; 2001. 528 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walsh EP, Saul JP, Triedman JK. Cardiac arrhythmias in children and young adults with congenital heart disease. 1st ed. Philadelphia, PA, USA: LWW; 2001. 528 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brugada J, Blom N, Sarquella-Brugada G, et al. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy for arrhythmias in the pediatric population: EHRA and AEPC-Arrhythmia Working Group joint consensus statement. Europace. 2013;15(9):1337–1382. doi: 10.1093/europace/eut082.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brugada J, Blom N, Sarquella-Brugada G, et al. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy for arrhythmias in the pediatric population: EHRA and AEPC-Arrhythmia Working Group joint consensus statement. Europace. 2013;15(9):1337–1382. doi: 10.1093/europace/eut082.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allen HD, Driscoll DJ, Shaddy RE, Feltes TF. Moss &amp; Adams’ heart disease in infants, children, and adolescents: including the fetus and young adult. Vol. 1. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA, USA: LWW; 2008. 760 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allen HD, Driscoll DJ, Shaddy RE, Feltes TF. Moss &amp; Adams’ heart disease in infants, children, and adolescents: including the fetus and young adult. Vol. 1. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA, USA: LWW; 2008. 760 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park MK. Park’s pediatric cardiology for practitioners. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier; 2014. 688 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park MK. Park’s pediatric cardiology for practitioners. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier; 2014. 688 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Society of Cardiology (ESC); European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), Brignole M, et al. 2013 ESC guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: the task force on cardiac pacing and resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Europace. 2013;15(8):1070–1118. doi: 10.1093/europace/eut206.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Society of Cardiology (ESC); European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), Brignole M, et al. 2013 ESC guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: the task force on cardiac pacing and resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Europace. 2013;15(8):1070–1118. doi: 10.1093/europace/eut206.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clancy RM, Kapur RP, Molad Y, et al. Immunohistologic evidence supports apoptosis, IgG deposition, and novel macrophage, fibroblast crosstalk in the pathologic cascade leading to congenital heart block. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(1):173–182. doi: 10.1002/art.11430.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clancy RM, Kapur RP, Molad Y, et al. Immunohistologic evidence supports apoptosis, IgG deposition, and novel macrophage, fibroblast crosstalk in the pathologic cascade leading to congenital heart block. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(1):173–182. doi: 10.1002/art.11430.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кошелева Н.М., Алекберова З.С. Неонатальная волчанка // Современная ревматология. — 2015. — Т.9. — №4 — С. 92–97. doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2015-4-92-97.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kosheleva NM, Alekberova ZS. Neonatal lupus. Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2015;9(4):92–97. (In Russ). doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2015-4-92-97.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bader RS, Hornberger LK, Huhta JC. The perinatal cardiology handbook. 1st ed. Mosby; 2008. 526 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bader RS, Hornberger LK, Huhta JC. The perinatal cardiology handbook. 1st ed. Mosby; 2008. 526 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeigler VL, Gillette PG, editors. Practical management of pediatric cardiac arrhythmias. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2001. 416 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeigler VL, Gillette PG, editors. Practical management of pediatric cardiac arrhythmias. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2001. 416 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brucato A, Jonson A, Friedmen D, et al. Proposal for a new definition of congenital complete atrioventricular block. Lupus. 2003;12(6):427–435. doi: 10.1191/0961203303lu408oa.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brucato A, Jonson A, Friedmen D, et al. Proposal for a new definition of congenital complete atrioventricular block. Lupus. 2003;12(6):427–435. doi: 10.1191/0961203303lu408oa.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Campbell RM, Douglas PS, Eidem BW, et al. ACC/AAP/ AHA/ASE/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/SOPE 2014 appropriate use criteria for initial transthoracic echocardiography in outpatient pediatric cardiology: a report of the American College of Cardiology Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and Society of Pediatric Echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(19):2039–2060. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.08.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Campbell RM, Douglas PS, Eidem BW, et al. ACC/AAP/ AHA/ASE/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/SOPE 2014 appropriate use criteria for initial transthoracic echocardiography in outpatient pediatric cardiology: a report of the American College of Cardiology Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and Society of Pediatric Echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(19):2039–2060. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.08.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rychik J, Ayres N, Cuneo B, et al. American society of echocardiography guidelines and standards for performance of fetal echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2004;17(7):803–810. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2004.04.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rychik J, Ayres N, Cuneo B, et al. American society of echocardiography guidelines and standards for performance of fetal echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2004;17(7):803–810. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2004.04.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ostensen M, Khamashta M, Lockshin M, et al. Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs and reproduction. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006;8(3):209. doi: 10.1186/ar1957.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ostensen M, Khamashta M, Lockshin M, et al. Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs and reproduction. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006;8(3):209. doi: 10.1186/ar1957.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruffatti A, Milanesi O, Chiandetti L, et al. A combination therapy to treat second-degree anti-Ro/La-related congenital heart block: a strategy to avoid stable third-degree heart block? Lupus. 2012;21(6):666–671. doi: 10.1177/0961203311430969.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruffatti A, Milanesi O, Chiandetti L, et al. A combination therapy to treat second-degree anti-Ro/La-related congenital heart block: a strategy to avoid stable third-degree heart block? Lupus. 2012;21(6):666–671. doi: 10.1177/0961203311430969.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saxena A, Izmirly PM, Mendez B, et al. Prevention and treatment in utero of autoimmune associated congenital heart block. Cardiol Rev. 2014;22(6):263–267. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saxena A, Izmirly PM, Mendez B, et al. Prevention and treatment in utero of autoimmune associated congenital heart block. Cardiol Rev. 2014;22(6):263–267. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelliccia A, Fagard R, Bjørnstad HH, et al. Recommendations for competitive sports participation in athletes with cardiovascular disease: a consensus document from the Study Group of Sports Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2005;26(14):1422–1445. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi325.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelliccia A, Fagard R, Bjørnstad HH, et al. Recommendations for competitive sports participation in athletes with cardiovascular disease: a consensus document from the Study Group of Sports Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2005;26(14):1422–1445. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi325.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zipes DP, Link MS, Ackerman MJ, et al. Eligibility and disqualification recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities: task force 9: arrhythmias and conduction defects: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66(21):2412–2423. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.09.041</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zipes DP, Link MS, Ackerman MJ, et al. Eligibility and disqualification recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities: task force 9: arrhythmias and conduction defects: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66(21):2412–2423. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.09.041</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
