ppharmПедиатрическая фармакологияPediatric pharmacology1727-57762500-3089Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»10.15690/pf.v13i3.1577ppharm-1426Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWВлияние различных факторов на ранние этапы формирования кишечной микробиотыDifferent Factors Influencing Early Stages of Intestine Microbiota Formationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3056-403XМакароваС. Г.MakarovaS. G.

доктор медицинских наук, заведующая отделом профилактической педиатрии НЦЗД, профессор кафедры аллергологии и клинической иммунологии Первого МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Адрес: 119991, Москва, Ломоносовский пр-т, д. 2, тел.: +7 (495) 967-04-20, доб. 16-03

sm27@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4669-9510БроеваМ. И.BroevaM. I.Научный центр здоровья детей, Москва, Российская Федерация Первый Московский медицинский государственный университет им. И.М. Сеченова, Москва, Российская ФедерацияРоссияScientific Center of Children’s Health, Moscow, Russian Federation Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian FederationRussian FederationНаучный центр здоровья детей, Москва, Российская ФедерацияРоссияScientific Center of Children’s Health, Moscow, Russian FederationRussian Federation201630082016133270282Copyright © Макарова С.Г., Броева М.И., 20162016Макарова С.Г., Броева М.И.Makarova S.G., Broeva M.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/1426

Благодаря современным молекулярно-генетическим методам исследования микробиоты идентифицированы многочисленные, ранее не изученные виды бактерий. В результате существенно изменились представления о микробиоценозе человека, в частности о микробиоте кишечника, в значительной степени определяющей здоровье человека. В последние годы описаны механизмы влияния бактерий на метагеном, эндокринную регуляцию и функцию нервной системы. Формирование кишечной микробиоты на ранних этапах зависит от таких факторов, как осложненное течение беременности, недоношенность, оперативное родоразрешение, позднее прикладывание к груди или искусственное вскармливание с рождения, антибиотикотерапия. Однако, результаты последних исследований свидетельствуют, что воздействие микробного фактора на ребенка начинается задолго до его рождения. Современная научная гипотеза о том, что ряд отклонений в течение беременности и преждевременные роды могут быть вызваны вялотекущим микробным воспалением в полости матки, также сформировалась в связи с изучением микробиоценозов плаценты и амниотических вод. В обзоре представлен анализ последних данных о влиянии как антенатальных, так и постнатальных факторов на ранние этапы формирования кишечной микробиоты у детей.

Thanks to modern molecular-genetic microbiota analysis, numerous previously unstudied bacteria were identified. As a result, the conception of human microbiocenosis was significally changed, particularly the conception of intestinal microbiota, which substantially determines human health. The ways the bacteria affect the metagenome, endocrine regulation and function of the nervous system have been described in recent years. At its early stages, the formation of intestinal microbiota depends on such factors as a complicated gestation course, prematurity, surgical delivery, late breast latching, artificial feeding since birth or antibiotic therapy. However, the results of latest studies indicate that the microbial factor affects children long before their birth. Present scientific hypothesis regarding torpid microbial inflammation in uterine cavity as a cause of disturbanses in the gestation course or of preterm labour was also formed in connection with investigating placenta and amniotic fluid microbiocenoses. This survey presents analysis of the latest data concerning the affection of both antenatal and postnatal factors at early stages of intestinal microbiota conditioning in children.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.