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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ppharm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Педиатрическая фармакология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pediatric pharmacology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1727-5776</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/pf.v13i3.1572</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ppharm-1421</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕДАКЦИОННЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AN EDITORIAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинические исследования в педиатрии и неонатологии: успехи и причины неудач</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical Trials in Pediatrics and Neonatology: Reasons for Ups and Downs</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2863-270X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мосикян</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mosikian</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4282-1272</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Томашева</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tomasheva</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-856X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галанкин</surname><given-names>Т. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galankin</surname><given-names>T. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1919-2909</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колбин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolbin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой клинической фармакологии и доказательной медицины ПСПбГМУ им. академика И.П. Павлова; профессор кафедры фармакологии медицинского факультета СПбГУ Адрес: 199106, Санкт-Петербург, Васильевский остров, 21-я линия, д. 8, тел.: +7 (921) 759-04-49 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex.kolbin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация&#13;
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Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation&#13;
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Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>08</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>232</fpage><lpage>238</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мосикян А.А., Томашева А.О., Галанкин Т.Л., Колбин А.С., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мосикян А.А., Томашева А.О., Галанкин Т.Л., Колбин А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mosikian A.A., Tomasheva A.O., Galankin T.L., Kolbin A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/1421">https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/article/view/1421</self-uri><abstract><p>Результаты клинических исследований в педиатрии имеют ограниченную предсказуемость по целому ряду причин, основными из которых являются несовершенные функции органов детского организма, незавершенный онтогенез ферментных и иных систем, а также наличие особых субпопуляций новорожденных и недоношенных новорожденных, в том числе в тяжелом состоянии. В этой связи одной из главных исследовательских задач в педиатрии является разработка лекарственных средств не «в том числе», а «именно» для новорожденных. Среди других причин ограниченной предсказуемости клинических исследований в педиатрии — невозможность полной экстраполяции данных взрослой популяции на детей, недостаточное количество участников исследований для подбора оптимальной дозы путем эскалации доз, неопределенность ряда этических аспектов проведения клинических испытаний с участием детей, возрастные особенности этиопатогенеза некоторых заболеваний, а также наблюдаемый у детей высокий плацебо-эффект. В настоящее время внимание акцентируется на необходимости публикации всех, в том числе и отрицательных результатов для повышения точности моделирования фармакологических параметров лекарственных средств в педиатрических субпопуляциях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The predictability of results of pediatric clinical trials is often limited for a number of reasons. Among the main ones is the imperfect functioning of organ due to immature ontogeny of enzyme and organ systems in children, and the presence of special subpopulations of full-term newborns and preterm neonates sometimes being in a critical condition. The main task of a present-day pediatric investigational plan is to develop drugs and to elaborate doses that are «specifically designed», not simply «suitable» for neonates. Other reasons for limited predictability are as follows: adult data extrapolation constraint due to children’s anatomic and physiological features, the lack of clinical trial subjects resulting in inability to select an optimal dose by its escalation, the absence of consensus on the ethical aspect of pediatric clinical trials, the etiopathogenetic difference of some diseases and conditions depending on subject’s age, and prevalence of placebo-effect in children. Nowadays it is supposed to be very important to publish all, even failed, pediatric trials to improve the accuracy of pharmacological effects modeling in different subpopulations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>клинические исследования</kwd><kwd>off-label</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>clinical trials</kwd><kwd>off-label</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зырянов С.К. Использование нерекомендованных лекарств в педиатрии // Педиатрия. Журнал им. Г.Н. Сперанского. — 2005. — Т.84. — №5. — С. 19—21. [Zyryanov SK. Usage of nonrecommended drugs in pediatric practice. Pediatriia. 2005;84(5): 19–21. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Зырянов С.К. Использование нерекомендованных лекарств в педиатрии // Педиатрия. Журнал им. Г.Н. Сперанского. — 2005. — Т.84. — №5. — С. 19—21. 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